BACKGROUND: Tobacco production has notable environmental and health impacts, particularly in residential areas. Emissions from tobacco processing plants, the use of harmful chemicals in cultivation, and poor waste management lead to environmental harm and health risks for nearby residents. In Bangladesh, the tobacco industry's impact on residential areas is a critical issue that is often been overlooked. The close proximity of British American Tobacco Bangladesh’s (BATB) tobacco processing factories near residential neighborhoods heightens the exposure of local communities to harmful pollutants, deteriorating air and water quality and causing various health issues.
METHODS: This study analyzes the environmental impact of the tobacco industry in Bangladesh’s residential areas, focusing on regulatory frameworks. Using mixed methods, it examines government reports, academic studies, environmental assessments, laws, and interviews. The BATB factory in Mohakhali area is analyzed for its environmental effects on the surrounding residential area.
RESULTS: BATB's Mohakhali factory, registered as a bidi factory despite not producing bidi, has faced multiple violations warning. In 2021, the Department of Environment (DoE) warned it for sound pollution and toxic effluents. In 2022, air samples revealed Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) levels at 288, exceeding the acceptable limit of 200. Water tests from the sewage treatment plant showed 1670 Coliform per 100ml, surpassing the standard 1000. The DoE also recorded noise levels above the permissible 60 decibels. Although previously classified as a red category factory, posing high risks, a recent amendment of the rules of Environment Conservation Act shifted tobacco factories to the less risky orange category.
CONCLUSIONS: To reduce the environmental impact of the tobacco industry in residential areas, Bangladesh must enhance its environmental regulations. This involves stricter controls on air and water pollution, regulating harmful tobacco processing specially around residential area, and ensuring proper waste disposal. The government should implement penalties for violations and strengthen monitoring and enforcement.