1 | National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan, China |
2 | China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan, China |
3 | Texas A&M School of Public Health, United States of America |
4 | MJ Health Management Institution, Taipei, Taiwan, China |
5 | National Taiwan University, Institute of Occupational Medicine and Industrial Hygiene, Taipei, Taiwan, China |
6 | University of Irvine Medical Center, Long Beach VAMC Hospital, United States of America |
Heart Rate | N(%) | Deaths | HR (95% CI) | Life expectancy at age 30 | Life expectancy difference from 60-69 |
60-69 | 29,735 (34.6%) | 889 | 1 (Reference) | 54.27 | (Reference) |
≥ 90 | 4,110 (4.8%) | 419 | 2.53 (2.25-2.84)* | 42.57 | 11.70 |
80-99 (Compared with smokers with heart rate 60-69) | 15,785 (18.4%) | 969 | 1.60 (1.46-1.76)* | 48.03 | 6.24 |
80-99 (Compared with nonsmokers with heart rate 60-69) | 15,785 (8.4%) | 969 | 2.69 (2.42-2.99)* | 48.03 | 13.42 |