BACKGROUND: Tobacco use among youth remains a pressing global health challenge, disproportionately affecting low- and middle-income countries. Despite the enactment of robust laws such as India’s Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA), enforcement near educational institutions continues to fall short. This study explores compliance with tobacco control regulations and maps the density of tobacco vendors around schools in Bhubaneswar, Eastern India, providing valuable insights to strengthen global tobacco control efforts.
METHODS: A geospatial mapping study examined the 100-yard radius surrounding 56 high schools in Bhubaneswar. Data collection tools included ArcGIS 10.8, Google Maps, and observational surveys via Epicollect5, focusing on vendor characteristics, advertising practices, and adherence to tobacco control laws. Statistical analyses were used to identify compliance gaps and assess variations based on school types.
RESULTS: The study identified 347 tobacco vendors near schools, averaging six vendors per school. Alarmingly, compliance with COTPA regulations was found to be poor: nearly half (49.6%) of vendors sold tobacco products to minors, and only 30% displayed mandated health warnings. Promotional and indirect advertising was prevalent, observed at 60.9% of vendors, often using brand-specific designs appealing to youth. Smoking was reported within 100 yards of schools in 58.9% of cases. Most vendors were pan shops (44.9%) or grocery stores (36.4%), further emphasizing the accessibility of tobacco products to students.
CONCLUSIONS: Strengthening enforcement of tobacco control laws, fostering community engagement, and promoting intersectoral collaboration are critical to reducing youth exposure to tobacco. Findings from Bhubaneswar emphasize the urgent need for global strategies targeting youth-focused tobacco control. Policymakers and stakeholders must prioritize action to protect vulnerable populations, leveraging these insights to mitigate the long-term health risks posed by early tobacco use.