BACKGROUND: This study investigates the prevalence of cigarette consumption ( mostly industrialized, hand-rolled, clove cigarettes) compared to the use of other tobacco products, (cigars, pipes, hookahs, and smokeless tobacco products), among individuals (18 years or older) in Brazil. Using data from the 2013 and 2019 editions of the National Health Survey (PNS), the study aims to assess trends and evaluate consumption patterns across socioeconomic and demographic groups
METHODS: Two indicators of cross-sectional research data (PNS 2013-2019) were analyzed: cigarette consumption prevalence and other tobacco product use. The study employed a complex survey design to ensure national representativity, incorporating stratification by geographic region, urban or rural residence, and socioeconomic strata.
RESULTS: There is an overall reduction in tobacco use products among adults in Brazil (14.9%-2013 to 12.82%-2019). Cigarettes remain the most consumed product, with prevalence decreasing from 14.43% to 12.27% over the period. Meanwhile, the use of other tobacco products increased from 0.81% to 1.02%. Among individuals who reported using any tobacco product, cigarettes decreased from 96.8% in 2013 to 95.7% in 2019, while the share of other products increased (5.42%to7.99%). Men consistently reported higher usage rates for both cigarettes (16.96%) and other tobacco products (1.27%) compared to women (10.05% and 0.61%, respectively) in 2019. Cigarette use was most prevalent among 45–59 years, while other tobacco products were more common among younger adults. Lower education was associated with higher tobacco use.
CONCLUSIONS: In 2019, 19.5 million adults smoked cigarettes, and 1.63 million adults used other tobacco products in Brazil. The increasing prevalence of other tobacco products highlights an emerging challenge in tobacco control. These products represent a growing portion of overall use among tobacco users, particularly among younger adults in specific regions. This shift underscores the need for comprehensive public health strategies that address the diverse landscape of tobacco products.