BACKGROUND: Tobacco use poses a public health issue in Kenya, impacting socioeconomic stability and health outcomes. Despite the decrease in prevalence over the years, the burden remains disproportionate, with low- and middle-income groups being the most affected. Recent progress in tobacco control includes the decision by the 2024 Supreme Court to uphold the 2025 Tobacco Control Act. The ruling reaffirms measures, including the requirement for the tobacco industry to contribute to a public health fund, along with pictorial health warnings. The Tobacco Control Board implemented civic education campaigns, rehabilitation, and increased monitoring activities for tobacco products.
METHODS: The study uses data from Kenya’s 2022 National Survey on Tobacco Use. Researchers used a stratified sampling approach to survey 3,314 individuals aged 15–65, capturing factors like initiation age, product preferences, cessation attempts, and awareness of tobacco policies. Weighted data ensured the accuracy and representativeness of the findings.
RESULTS: Tobacco use in Kenya has declined from 12% in 2014 to 9% in 2022, observable in males (12% to 9.9%) and females (from 0.6% to 0.8%). A significant gender gap still exists, with men (26.4%) more likely to use tobacco than women (4.7%). Products, including nicotine pouches and e-cigarettes, have gained popularity among young adults aged 24–34 years. The survey highlighted widespread passive smoking, with 91% exposed in public places and 48% in workplaces. 65% of current users indicated that health warnings motivated them to quit, and 78% of the population supports higher tobacco taxes.
CONCLUSIONS: Despite Kenya’s progress in tobacco control, significant challenges remain. These include early initiation and gender-specific vulnerabilities. Addressing these issues requires multi-sectoral strategies, including implementing progressive tax policies and stringent enforcement policies. Partnerships between government, civil society, and academia are essential in protecting public health and sustaining progress towards a tobacco-free Kenya.