Background:
Life expectancy was found decreased among HIV infected people who developed habit of tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking than those infected ones who did not smoke tobacco and drink alcohol. We aimed to determine the proportion and the associated factors related to tobacco smoking among HIV infected people.

Methods:
A cross-sectional study was conducted at an ART clinic in Kathmandu, Nepal between September and December 2014. The data was collected from a sample of 132 HIV infected individuals using random sampling technique and face-to-face meeting. Binary logistic regression was used to estimate the factors associated with the current tobacco smoking.

Results:
Among the HIV infected people, the proportion of current tobacco smoking was 26.5% (95% Confidence Interval [CI]; 18.9, 34.1); and alcohol drinking was 22.7% (95% CI; 15.5, 30.0) among the HIV infected people. The respondents, who were infected after the sexual contact with sex workers, were more likely to have tobacco smoking (OR = 15.2) and alcohol drinking (OR = 4.50) than those who were infected by other than sex workers. The HIV infected individuals, who ever forgot to take ART medication, were three times more likely (OR = 3.17) to alcohol drinking than those who did not forget to take ART medication.

Conclusions:
The findings show that tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking are common among the HIV infected individuals in Nepal. There is an urgent need to develop instant, sustainable and efficient programs to control tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking trajectories among vulnerable populations in low and middle income countries like Nepal.