RESEARCH PAPER
Prevalence and correlates of tobacco use among adolescents in the schools of Kalaiya, Nepal: a cross-sectional questionnaire based study
| 1 | Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, National Medical College, Birgunj, Nepal |
| 2 | Kalaiya District Hospital, Kalaiya, Nepal |
| 3 | Narayani Sub-Regional Hospital, Birgunj, Nepal |
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Ravi Kumar Bhaskar
Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, National Medical College, Birgunj, Nepal
Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, National Medical College, Birgunj, Nepal
Submission date: 2015-09-03
Acceptance date: 2016-03-22
Publication date: 2016-03-31
Tobacco Induced Diseases 2016;14(March):11
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Background:
Adolescent students are vulnerable group for tobacco addiction. Tobacco use among school children is becoming a serious problem in developing countries. This study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of tobacco use and to determine associated factors among adolescent students of Kalaiya municipality.
Methods:
A cross sectional survey was carried out by self-administered questionnaire adapted from Global Youth Tobacco Survey to assess tobacco use among the representative sample of 1540 adolescent students selected by stratified random sampling from December 2014 to May 2015.
Results:
Overall prevalence of ‘ever users’ of tobacco products was 25.3 %. Prevalence among boys and girls was 31 and 14.4 % respectively. Mean age at initiation of using tobacco was 13.38 ± 1.62 years. The correlates of tobacco use were: sex, ethnicity, family members and friends using tobacco products, and students exposed at home and public place.
Conclusions:
School based interventions and tobacco education are necessary to prevent initiation and cessation of tobacco use. Legislations related to tobacco control should be enforced to decrease availability, accessibility and affordability of tobacco products. Social norms of tobacco use among parents and others at home as well as at public place should be modified to curb the tobacco use among school students.
Adolescent students are vulnerable group for tobacco addiction. Tobacco use among school children is becoming a serious problem in developing countries. This study was carried out to estimate the prevalence of tobacco use and to determine associated factors among adolescent students of Kalaiya municipality.
Methods:
A cross sectional survey was carried out by self-administered questionnaire adapted from Global Youth Tobacco Survey to assess tobacco use among the representative sample of 1540 adolescent students selected by stratified random sampling from December 2014 to May 2015.
Results:
Overall prevalence of ‘ever users’ of tobacco products was 25.3 %. Prevalence among boys and girls was 31 and 14.4 % respectively. Mean age at initiation of using tobacco was 13.38 ± 1.62 years. The correlates of tobacco use were: sex, ethnicity, family members and friends using tobacco products, and students exposed at home and public place.
Conclusions:
School based interventions and tobacco education are necessary to prevent initiation and cessation of tobacco use. Legislations related to tobacco control should be enforced to decrease availability, accessibility and affordability of tobacco products. Social norms of tobacco use among parents and others at home as well as at public place should be modified to curb the tobacco use among school students.
REFERENCES (27)
1.
Mathers CD, Loncar D. Projections of global mortality and burden of disease from 2002 to 2030. PLoS Med. 2006;3(11):e442. doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.0030442.
2.
World Health Organization. MPOWER: A policy package to reverse the tobacco epidemic. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008.
3.
Sarker et al. Association of smoked and smokeless tobacco use with migraine: a hospital-based case–control study in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Tob Induc Dis. 2013;11:15.
5.
Pradhan PMS, Niraula SR, Ghimire A, et al. Tobacco use and associated factors among adolescent students in Dharan, Eastern Nepal: a cross-sectional questionnaire survey. BMJ Open. 2013;3:e002123. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2012-002123.
6.
CBS. National population and housing census 2011 national report. Kathmandu: CBS; 2012.
7.
Sreeramareddy CT, Kishore P, Paudel J, et al. Prevalence and correlates of tobacco use amongst junior collegiate in twin cities of western Nepal: a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey. BMC Public Health. 2008;8:97.
8.
Pandey MR, Pathak RP, Shrestha S, et al. National Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) and National Global School Personnel Survey (GSPS) in Nepal 2007. http://www.searo.who.int/entit....
9.
Chadda RK, Sengupta SN. Tobacco use by Indian students. Tob Induc Dis. 2002;1(2):111–9.
10.
Ministery of Health and population, New Era, ICF International Inc. Nepal demographic and health survey 2011. Kathmandu: MOHP, New Era, ICF International Inc.; 2012.
11.
Kelkar DS, Patwardhan M, Joshi VD. Prevalence ad causalities of tobacco consumption among adolescents: A cross-sectional study at Pune. JAPI. 2013;61:174–8.
12.
Hussain, Abdul Satar. Prevalence and determinants of tobacco use among Iraqi adolescents: Iraq GYTS 2012. Tob Induc Dis. 2013;11:14. doi:10.1186/1617-9625-11-14.
13.
Singh V, Pal HR, Mehta M, Dwivedi SN, Kapli U. Pattern of tobacco use among school children in National capital territory. Indian J Paeditr. 2007;74:1013–20.
14.
Muttappallymyalil J, Divakaran B, Thomas T, Sreedharan J, Haran JC, Thanzeel M. Prevalence of tobacco use among adolescents in India. APJCP. 2012;13:5371–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.7314/APJC....
15.
Sinha N, Gupta PC, Pednekar MS. Tobacco use among students in Bihar (India). IJPH. 2004;48(3):111–7.
16.
Dereje N, Abazinab S, Girma A. Prevalence and predictors of cigarette smoking among adolescents of Ethiopia: school based cross-sectional study. J Child Adolesc Behav. 2014;3:1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2375....
17.
Kasiulevicius V, Sapkota V, Filipaviciute R. Sample size calculation in epidemiological studies. Gerontologija. 2006;7(4):225–31.
18.
Awasthi S, Jha SK, Rawat CMS, Pandey S, Swami SS. Correlates of tobacco use among male adolescents in schools of Haldwani, Nainital. HPPI. 2010;33(1):42–9.
19.
Aryal UR, Bhatta DN. Percieved benefits and health risks of cigarette smoking among young adults: insights from a cross-sectional study. Tob Induc Dis. 2015;13:22. doi:10.1186/s12971-015-0044-9.
20.
Aryal UR, Petzold M, Krettek A. Percieved risks and benefits of cigarette smoking among Nepalese adolescents: A population based cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:18. http://www.biomedcentral.com/1....
21.
Dhungana RR, Khanal MK, Baniya A. Prevalence of current tobacco use among secondary students in Nepal: A meta-analysis. JCMC. 2013;3(6):1–5.
22.
Narain R, Sardana S, Gupta S, Sehgal A. Age at initiation & prevalence of tobacco use among school children in Noida, India: A cross-sectional questionnaire based survey. Indian J Med Res. 2011;133:300–7.
23.
Grace SVE, Vijayalakshmi S, Bharathi P, Quarishy ZB. Prevalence of tobacco use among school children, exposure to passive smoking and their knowledge level about tobacco control in Chennai city, Tamil Nadu –A School Based Survey. J Indian Assoc Child Adolesc Ment Health. 2014;10(2):110–31.
24.
Aryal UR, Deuba K, Subedi A, et al. Prevalence and determinants of cigarette students of Kathmandu Valley. Asian J Med Sci. 2010;1:53–8.
25.
Pradeepkumar AS, Mohan S, Gopalakrishnan P, et al. Tobacco use in Kerala: findings from three recent studies. Natl Med J India. 2005;18:148–53.
26.
Martini S, Sulistyowati M. The Determinants of Smoking Behavior among Teenagers in EastJava Province, Indonesia. Health, Nutrition and Population (HNP) Discussion Paper. Economics Of Tobacco Control Paper No. 32. World Bank; 2003. [http://siteresources.worldbank...].
27.
Morello P, Duggan A, Adger Jr H, Anthony JC, Joffe A. Tobacco use among high school students in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Am J Public Health. 2001;91:219–24.
CITATIONS (5):
1.
Individual, social and environmental determinants of smokeless tobacco and betel quid use amongst adolescents of Karachi: a school-based cross-sectional survey
Azmina Hussain, Sidra Zaheer, Kashif Shafique
BMC Public Health
Azmina Hussain, Sidra Zaheer, Kashif Shafique
BMC Public Health
2.
Smokeless tobacco use: pattern of use, knowledge and perceptions among rural Bangladeshi adolescents
Md Zahid Ullah, Jennifer NW Lim, Marie-Ann Ha, Md Mostafizur Rahman
PeerJ
Md Zahid Ullah, Jennifer NW Lim, Marie-Ann Ha, Md Mostafizur Rahman
PeerJ
3.
Correlation of urinary cotinine with cardiovascular risk factors in pan masala tobacco users
Sanjeeb Shrestha, Deebya Mishra, Niraj Dhakal, Suresh Bhandari, Sagar Khanal, Madhab Lamsal
Indian Heart Journal
Sanjeeb Shrestha, Deebya Mishra, Niraj Dhakal, Suresh Bhandari, Sagar Khanal, Madhab Lamsal
Indian Heart Journal
4.
PREVALENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SMOKELESS TOBACCO USE AMONG ADOLESCENTS LIVING IN TEA GARDENS OF DIBRUGARH DISTRICT, ASSAM- A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Gayotree Gogoi, Rashmi Ahmed, Rupali Baruah, Manjit Boruah
Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences
Gayotree Gogoi, Rashmi Ahmed, Rupali Baruah, Manjit Boruah
Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences
5.
Burden, prevention and control of tobacco consumption in Nepal: a narrative review of existing evidence
Geha Khanal, Resham Khatri
International Health
Geha Khanal, Resham Khatri
International Health
RELATED ARTICLE
