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REVIEW PAPER
Cardiovascular Risk Behavior among Sedentary Female Smokers and Smoking Cessation Outcomes
| 1 | Tobacco Dependence Treatment and Research, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, USA |
| 2 | Lehman College—CUNY, New York, USA |
| 3 | Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, USA |
Publication date: 2005-12-15
Tobacco Induced Diseases 2005;3(December):7
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Backround:
We examined female sedentary smokers' additional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk behaviors and their associations to smoking cessation.
Methods:
This study was part of a randomized controlled trial testing the effectiveness of exercise and nicotine gum in smoking cessation. Included in the analyses were 148 participants. Dietary habits and alcohol consumption were measured as additional CVD risk behaviors. High-fat diet and heavy alcohol use were considered those risk behaviors. Nicotine dependence, length of the longest quit attempt, depressive symptoms, self-efficacy, and education were examined as other baseline variables. Abstinence from tobacco was recorded through 12 months.
Results:
Diet was related to depressive symptoms at baseline. Alcohol use was related to nicotine dependence and education level. Heavy alcohol use alone and accumulation of two added risk behaviors predicted poorer smoking cessation outcome. Although diet alone was not associated with cessation outcome the high-fat diet interacted with depressive symptoms, such that the depressed women with high-fat diet were significantly more likely to relapse in their quit attempt compared to other subgroups.
Conclusion:
Non-moderate alcohol use alone and accumulation of multiple CVD risk behaviors seem to be associated with lower success in smoking cessation.
We examined female sedentary smokers' additional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk behaviors and their associations to smoking cessation.
Methods:
This study was part of a randomized controlled trial testing the effectiveness of exercise and nicotine gum in smoking cessation. Included in the analyses were 148 participants. Dietary habits and alcohol consumption were measured as additional CVD risk behaviors. High-fat diet and heavy alcohol use were considered those risk behaviors. Nicotine dependence, length of the longest quit attempt, depressive symptoms, self-efficacy, and education were examined as other baseline variables. Abstinence from tobacco was recorded through 12 months.
Results:
Diet was related to depressive symptoms at baseline. Alcohol use was related to nicotine dependence and education level. Heavy alcohol use alone and accumulation of two added risk behaviors predicted poorer smoking cessation outcome. Although diet alone was not associated with cessation outcome the high-fat diet interacted with depressive symptoms, such that the depressed women with high-fat diet were significantly more likely to relapse in their quit attempt compared to other subgroups.
Conclusion:
Non-moderate alcohol use alone and accumulation of multiple CVD risk behaviors seem to be associated with lower success in smoking cessation.
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Role of Nicotine GUM and Pretreatment Depressive Symptoms in Smoking Cessation: Twelve-Month Results of a Randomized Placebo Controlled Trial
Taru Kinnunen, Tellervo Korhonen, Arthur J. Garvey
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Michael Ussher, Guy Faulkner, Kathryn Angus, Jamie Hartmann-Boyce, Adrian Taylor
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