Recent manuscripts
Archive
Editorial Board
Aims and Scope
Open Access
Indexing
Contact us
Authorship & COI
Principles of Transparency Checklist
Publication Ethics
Crossmark
Data Policies
Supporting Diversity
Instructions to authors (PDF)
Manuscript Types
Manuscript Formatting
How to submit
Special Publications & Reprints
Preprints
RESEARCH PAPER
Adverse events associated with nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) for smoking cessation. A systematic review and meta-analysis of one hundred and twenty studies involving 177,390 individuals
1
Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
2
Department of Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
3
Pfizer Limited, Tadworth, UK
4
Ottawa Health Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
5
Mayo Graduate School of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, USA
Submission date: 2010-01-21
Acceptance date: 2010-07-13
Publication date: 2010-07-13
Corresponding author
Tobacco Induced Diseases 2010;8(July):8
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
Background:
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is the most common form of smoking cessation pharmacotherapy and has proven efficacy for the treatment of tobacco dependence. Although expectations of mild adverse effects have been observed to be independent predictors of reduced motivation to use NRT, adverse effects associated with NRT have not been precisely quantified.
Objective:
A systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify all randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of NRT versus inert controls and all observational studies to determine the magnitude of reported adverse effects with NRT.
Methods:
Searches of 10 electronic databases from inception to November 2009 were conducted. Study selection and data extraction were carried out independently in duplicate. RCTs were pooled using a random effects method with Odds Ratio [OR] as the effect measure, while proportions were pooled from observational studies. A meta-regression analysis was applied to examine whether the nicotine patch is associated with different adverse effects from those common to orally administered NRT.
Results:
Ninety-two RCTs involving 32,185 participants and 28 observational studies involving 145, 205 participants were identified. Pooled RCT evidence of varying NRT formulations found an increased risk of heart palpitations and chest pains (OR 2.06, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.51-2.82, P < 0.001); nausea and vomiting (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.37-2.04, P < 0.001); gastrointestinal complaints (OR 1.54, 95% CI, 1.25-1.89, P < 0.001); and insomnia (OR 1.42, 95% CI, 1.21-1.66, P < 0.001). Pooled evidence specific to the NRT patch found an increase in skin irritations (OR 2.80, 95% CO, 2.28-3.24, P < 0.001). Orally administered NRT was associated with mouth and throat soreness (OR 1.87, 95% CI, 1.36-2.57, P < 0.001); mouth ulcers (OR 1.49, 95% CI, 1.05-2.20, P < 0.001); hiccoughs (OR 7.68, 95% CI, 4.59-12.85, P < 0.001) and coughing (OR 2.89, 95% CI, 1.92-4.33, P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant increase in anxiety or depressive symptoms associated with NRT use. Non-comparative observational studies demonstrated the prevalence of these events in a broad population.
Conclusion:
The use of NRT is associated with a variety of side effects. In addition to counseling and medical monitoring, clinicians should inform patients of potential side effects which are associated with the use of NRT for the treatment of tobacco dependence.
Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is the most common form of smoking cessation pharmacotherapy and has proven efficacy for the treatment of tobacco dependence. Although expectations of mild adverse effects have been observed to be independent predictors of reduced motivation to use NRT, adverse effects associated with NRT have not been precisely quantified.
Objective:
A systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify all randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of NRT versus inert controls and all observational studies to determine the magnitude of reported adverse effects with NRT.
Methods:
Searches of 10 electronic databases from inception to November 2009 were conducted. Study selection and data extraction were carried out independently in duplicate. RCTs were pooled using a random effects method with Odds Ratio [OR] as the effect measure, while proportions were pooled from observational studies. A meta-regression analysis was applied to examine whether the nicotine patch is associated with different adverse effects from those common to orally administered NRT.
Results:
Ninety-two RCTs involving 32,185 participants and 28 observational studies involving 145, 205 participants were identified. Pooled RCT evidence of varying NRT formulations found an increased risk of heart palpitations and chest pains (OR 2.06, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.51-2.82, P < 0.001); nausea and vomiting (OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.37-2.04, P < 0.001); gastrointestinal complaints (OR 1.54, 95% CI, 1.25-1.89, P < 0.001); and insomnia (OR 1.42, 95% CI, 1.21-1.66, P < 0.001). Pooled evidence specific to the NRT patch found an increase in skin irritations (OR 2.80, 95% CO, 2.28-3.24, P < 0.001). Orally administered NRT was associated with mouth and throat soreness (OR 1.87, 95% CI, 1.36-2.57, P < 0.001); mouth ulcers (OR 1.49, 95% CI, 1.05-2.20, P < 0.001); hiccoughs (OR 7.68, 95% CI, 4.59-12.85, P < 0.001) and coughing (OR 2.89, 95% CI, 1.92-4.33, P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant increase in anxiety or depressive symptoms associated with NRT use. Non-comparative observational studies demonstrated the prevalence of these events in a broad population.
Conclusion:
The use of NRT is associated with a variety of side effects. In addition to counseling and medical monitoring, clinicians should inform patients of potential side effects which are associated with the use of NRT for the treatment of tobacco dependence.
REFERENCES (157)
1.
Peto R, Lopez AD, Boreham J, Thun M, Heath C, Doll R: Mortality from smoking worldwide. Br Med Bull. 1996, 52: 12-21.
2.
Doll R, Peto R, Wheatley K, Gray R, Sutherland I: Mortality in relation to smoking: 40 years' observations on male British doctors. Bmj. 1994, 309: 901-11.
3.
Asaria P, Chisholm D, Mathers C, Ezzati M, Beaglehole R: Chronic disease prevention: health effects and financial costs of strategies to reduce salt intake and control tobacco use. Lancet. 2007, 370: 2044-53. 10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61698-5.
4.
Wu P, Wilson K, Dimoulas P, Mills EJ: Effectiveness of smoking cessation therapies: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health. 2006, 6: 300-10.1186/1471-2458-6-300.
5.
NICE: Smoking cessation services in primary care, pharmacies, local authorities and workplaces, particularly for manual working groups, pregnant women and hard to reach communities. Public Health Guidance PH10. 2008, [http://www.nice.org.uk/guidanc...].
6.
Eisenberg MJ, Filion KB, Yavin D, Belisle P, Mottillo S, Joseph L: Pharmacotherapies for smoking cessation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Cmaj. 2008, 179: 135-44.
7.
Vjogt F, Hall S, Marteau TM: Understanding why smokers do not want to use nicotine dependence medications to stop smoking: qualitative and quantitative studies. Nicotine Tob Res. 2008, 10: 1405-13. 10.1080/14622200802239280.
8.
Hughes JR: Effects of abstinence from tobacco: valid symptoms and time course. Nicotine Tob Res. 2007, 9: 315-27. 10.1080/14622200701188919.
9.
Chou R, Helfand M: Challenges in systematic reviews that assess treatment harms. Ann Intern Med. 2005, 142: 1090-9.
10.
Kuper H, Nicholson A, Hemingway H: Searching for observational studies: what does citation tracking add to PubMed? A case study in depression and coronary heart disease. BMC medical research methodology. 2006, 6: 4-10.1186/1471-2288-6-4.
11.
Tonnesen P: Smoking cessation: How compelling is the evidence? A review. Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands). 2009, 91 (Suppl 1): S15-25.
12.
Mills EJ, Wu P, Spurden D, Ebbert JO, Wilson K: Efficacy of pharmacotherapies for short-term smoking abstinance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Harm Reduct J. 2009, 6: 25-10.1186/1477-7517-6-25.
13.
Stead LF, Perera R, Bullen C, Mant D, Lancaster T: Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online). 2008, CD000146.
14.
Stead LF, Lancaster T: Interventions to reduce harm from continued tobacco use. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online). 2007, CD005231.
15.
Cahill K, Stead LF, Lancaster T: Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation. Cochrane database of systematic reviews (Online). 2007, CD006103.
16.
Woolacott NF, Jones L, Forbes CA, Mather LC, Sowden AJ, Song FJ: The clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of bupropion and nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation: a systematic review and economic evaluation. Health technology assessment (Winchester, England). 2002, 6: 1-245.
17.
Meade MO, Guyatt GH, Cook RJ, Groll R, Kachura JR, Wigg M: Agreement between alternative classifications of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2001, 163: 490-3.
18.
Sheehe PR: Combination of log relative risk in retrospective studies of disease. Am J Public Health Nations Health. 1966, 56: 1745-50.
19.
DerSimonian R, Laird N: Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials. 1986, 7: 177-88. 10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2.
20.
Fleiss JL: The statistical basis of meta-analysis. Stat Methods Med Res. 1993, 2: 121-45. 10.1177/096228029300200202.
21.
Higgins JP, Thompson SG: Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Stat Med. 2002, 21: 1539-58. 10.1002/sim.1186.
22.
Stuart A, Ord JK: Kendall's Advanced Theory of Statistics. 1994, London: Edward Arnold, 6.
23.
Borenstin M, Hedges L, Higgins JP, Rothstein H: Introduction to Meta-analysis. 2009, Wiley, Chichester, 312.
24.
Mills EJ, Nachega JB, Bangsberg DR, Singh S, Rachlis B, Wu P: Adherence to HAART: a systematic review of developed and developing nation patient-reported barriers and facilitators. PLoS medicine. 2006, 3: e438-10.1371/journal.pmed.0030438.
25.
Rucker G, Schwarzer G, Carpenter JR, Schumacher M: Undue reliance on I(2) in assessing heterogeneity may mislead. BMC medical research methodology. 2008, 8: 79-10.1186/1471-2288-8-79.
26.
Malcolm RE, Sillett RW, Turner JA, Ball KP: The use of nicotine chewing gum as an aid to stopping smoking. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1980, 70: 295-6. 10.1007/BF00427889.
27.
Jarvis MJ, Raw M, Russell MA, Feyerabend C: Randomised controlled trial of nicotine chewing-gum. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1982, 285: 537-40. 10.1136/bmj.285.6341.537.
28.
Fagerstrom KO: A comparison of psychological and pharmacological treatment in smoking cessation. J Behav Med. 1982, 5: 343-51. 10.1007/BF00846161.
29.
Comparison of four methods of smoking withdrawal in patients with smoking related diseases. Report by a subcommittee of the Research Committee of the British Thoracic Society. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1983, 286: 595-7. 10.1136/bmj.286.6365.595.
30.
Schneider NG, Jarvik ME, Forsythe AB, Read LL, Elliott ML, Schweiger A: Nicotine gum in smoking cessation: a placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Addict Behav. 1983, 8: 253-61. 10.1016/0306-4603(83)90020-5.
31.
Jamrozik K, Fowler G, Vessey M, Wald N: Placebo controlled trial of nicotine chewing gum in general practice. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1984, 289: 794-7. 10.1136/bmj.289.6448.794.
32.
Tonnesen P, Fryd V, Hansen M, Helsted J, Gunnersen AB, Forchammer H: Two and four mg nicotine chewing gum and group counselling in smoking cessation: an open, randomized, controlled trial with a 22 month follow-up. Addict Behav. 1988, 13: 17-27. 10.1016/0306-4603(88)90021-4.
33.
Areechon W, Punnotok J: Smoking cessation through the use of nicotine chewing gum: a double-blind trial in Thailand. Clin Ther. 1988, 10: 183-6.
34.
Fortmann SP, Killen JD, Telch MJ, Newman B: Minimal contact treatment for smoking cessation. A placebo controlled trial of nicotine polacrilex and self-directed relapse prevention: initial results of the Stanford Stop Smoking Project. Jama. 1988, 260: 1575-80. 10.1001/jama.260.11.1575.
35.
Harackiewicz JM, Blair LW, Sansone C, Epstein JA, Stuchell RN: Nicotine gum and self-help manuals in smoking cessation: an evaluation in a medical context. Addict Behav. 1988, 13: 319-30. 10.1016/0306-4603(88)90038-X.
36.
Tonnesen P, Fryd V, Hansen M, Helsted J, Gunnersen AB, Forchammer H: Effect of nicotine chewing gum in combination with group counseling on the cessation of smoking. N Engl J Med. 1988, 318: 15-8. 10.1056/NEJM198801073180104.
37.
Hughes JR, Gust SW, Keenan RM, Fenwick JW, Healey ML: Nicotine vs placebo gum in general medical practice. Jama. 1989, 261: 1300-5. 10.1001/jama.261.9.1300.
38.
Blondal T: Controlled trial of nicotine polacrilex gum with supportive measures. Arch Intern Med. 1989, 149: 1818-21. 10.1001/archinte.149.8.1818.
39.
Abelin T, Ehrsam R, Buhler-Reichert A, Imhof PR, Muller P, Thommen A: Effectiveness of a transdermal nicotine system in smoking cessation studies. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 1989, 11: 205-14.
40.
Hurt RD, Lauger GG, Offord KP, Kottke TE, Dale LC: Nicotine-replacement therapy with use of a transdermal nicotine patch--a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Mayo Clin Proc. 1990, 65: 1529-37.
41.
Tonnesen P, Norregaard J, Simonsen K, Sawe U: A double-blind trial of a 16-hour transdermal nicotine patch in smoking cessation. N Engl J Med. 1991, 325: 311-5. 10.1056/NEJM199108013250503.
42.
Campbell IA, Prescott RJ, Tjeder-Burton SM: Smoking cessation in hospital patients given repeated advice plus nicotine or placebo chewing gum. Respir Med. 1991, 85: 155-7. 10.1016/S0954-6111(06)80295-7.
43.
Daughton DM, Heatley SA, Prendergast JJ, Causey D, Knowles M, Rolf CN: Effect of transdermal nicotine delivery as an adjunct to low-intervention smoking cessation therapy. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Arch Intern Med. 1991, 151: 749-52. 10.1001/archinte.151.4.749.
44.
Sutherland G, Stapleton JA, Russell MA, Jarvis MJ, Hajek P, Belcher M: Randomised controlled trial of nasal nicotine spray in smoking cessation. Lancet. 1992, 340: 324-9. 10.1016/0140-6736(92)91403-U.
45.
Sachs DP, Sawe U, Leischow SJ: Effectiveness of a 16-hour transdermal nicotine patch in a medical practice setting, without intensive group counseling. Arch Intern Med. 1993, 153: 1881-90. 10.1001/archinte.153.16.1881.
46.
Tonnesen P, Norregaard J, Mikkelsen K, Jorgensen S, Nilsson F: A double-blind trial of a nicotine inhaler for smoking cessation. Jama. 1993, 269: 1268-71. 10.1001/jama.269.10.1268.
47.
Merz PG, Keller-Stanislawski B, Huber T, Woodcock BG, Rietbrock N: Transdermal nicotine in smoking cessation and involvement of non-specific influences. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther Toxicol. 1993, 31: 476-82.
48.
Russell MA, Stapleton JA, Feyerabend C, Wiseman SM, Gustavsson G, Sawe U: Targeting heavy smokers in general practice: randomised controlled trial of transdermal nicotine patches. Bmj. 1993, 306: 1308-12. 10.1136/bmj.306.6888.1308.
49.
Westman EC, Levin ED, Rose JE: The nicotine patch in smoking cessation. A randomized trial with telephone counseling. Arch Intern Med. 1993, 153: 1917-23. 10.1001/archinte.153.16.1917.
50.
Hjalmarson A, Franzon M, Westin A, Wiklund O: Effect of nicotine nasal spray on smoking cessation. A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study. Arch Intern Med. 1994, 154: 2567-72. 10.1001/archinte.154.22.2567.
51.
Hurt RD, Dale LC, Fredrickson PA, Caldwell CC, Lee GA, Offord KP: Nicotine patch therapy for smoking cessation combined with physician advice and nurse follow-up. One-year outcome and percentage of nicotine replacement. Jama. 1994, 271: 595-600. 10.1001/jama.271.8.595.
52.
Fiore MC, Kenford SL, Jorenby DE, Wetter DW, Smith SS, Baker TB: Two studies of the clinical effectiveness of the nicotine patch with different counseling treatments. Chest. 1994, 105: 524-33. 10.1378/chest.105.2.524.
53.
Richmond RL, Harris K, de Almeida Neto A: The transdermal nicotine patch: results of a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Med J Aust. 1994, 161: 130-5.
54.
Levin ED, Westman EC, Stein RM, Carnahan E, Sanchez M, Herman S: Nicotine skin patch treatment increases abstinence, decreases withdrawal symptoms, and attenuates rewarding effects of smoking. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 1994, 14: 41-9. 10.1097/00004714-199402000-00006.
55.
Stapleton JA, Russell MA, Feyerabend C, Wiseman SM, Gustavsson G, Sawe U: Dose effects and predictors of outcome in a randomized trial of transdermal nicotine patches in general practice. Addiction. 1995, 90: 31-42. 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1995.tb01007.x.
56.
Herrera N, Franco R, Herrera L, Partidas A, Rolando R, Fagerstrom KO: Nicotine gum, 2 and 4 mg, for nicotine dependence. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial within a behavior modification support program. Chest. 1995, 108: 447-51. 10.1378/chest.108.2.447.
57.
Schneider NG, Olmstead R, Mody FV, Doan K, Franzon M, Jarvik ME: Efficacy of a nicotine nasal spray in smoking cessation: a placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. Addiction. 1995, 90: 1671-82. 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1995.tb02837.x.
58.
Puska PKH, Vartiainen E, Urjanheimo E: Combined use of nicotine patch and gum compared with gum alone in smoking cessation: a clinical trial in North Karelia. Tabacco Control. 1995, 4: 231-5. 10.1136/tc.4.3.231.
59.
Kornitzer M, Boutsen M, Dramaix M, Thijs J, Gustavsson G: Combined use of nicotine patch and gum in smoking cessation: a placebo-controlled clinical trial. Prev Med. 1995, 24: 41-7. 10.1006/pmed.1995.1006.
60.
Dale LC, Hurt RD, Offord KP, Lawson GM, Croghan IT, Schroeder DR: High-dose nicotine patch therapy. Percentage of replacement and smoking cessation. Jama. 1995, 274: 1353-8. 10.1001/jama.274.17.1353.
61.
Gourlay SG, Forbes A, Marriner T, Pethica D, McNeil JJ: Double blind trial of repeated treatment with transdermal nicotine for relapsed smokers. Bmj. 1995, 311: 363-6.
62.
Leischow SJN, Franzo F, Hill M, Otte A, Merikle P, E P: Efficacy of the Nicotine Inhaler as an Adjunct to Smoking Cessation. American Journal of Health Behavior. 1996, 20: 364-71.
63.
Schneider NG, Olmstead R, Nilsson F, Mody FV, Franzon M, Doan K: Efficacy of a nicotine inhaler in smoking cessation: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Addiction. 1996, 91: 1293-306.
64.
Paoletti P, Fornai E, Maggiorelli F, Puntoni R, Viegi G, Carrozzi L: Importance of baseline cotinine plasma values in smoking cessation: results from a double-blind study with nicotine patch. Eur Respir J. 1996, 9: 643-51. 10.1183/09031936.96.09040643.
65.
Blondal T, Franzon M, Westin A: A double-blind randomized trial of nicotine nasal spray as an aid in smoking cessation. Eur Respir J. 1997, 10: 1585-90. 10.1183/09031936.97.10071585.
66.
Campbell IA, Prescott RJ, Tjeder-Burton SM: Transdermal nicotine plus support in patients attending hospital with smoking-related diseases: a placebo-controlled study. Respir Med. 1996, 90: 47-51. 10.1016/S0954-6111(96)90244-9.
67.
Hjalmarson A, Nilsson F, Sjostrom L, Wiklund O: The nicotine inhaler in smoking cessation. Arch Intern Med. 1997, 157: 1721-8. 10.1001/archinte.157.15.1721.
68.
Sonderskov J, Olsen J, Sabroe S, Meillier L, Overvad K: Nicotine patches in smoking cessation: a randomized trial among over-the-counter customers in Denmark. Am J Epidemiol. 1997, 145: 309-18.
69.
Perng RP, Hsieh WC, Chen YM, Lu CC, Chiang SJ: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of transdermal nicotine patch for smoking cessation. J Formos Med Assoc. 1998, 97: 547-51.
70.
Ahluwalia JS, McNagny SE, Clark WS: Smoking cessation among inner-city African Americans using the nicotine transdermal patch. J Gen Intern Med. 1998, 13: 1-8. 10.1046/j.1525-1497.1998.00001.x.
71.
Lewis SF, Piasecki TM, Fiore MC, Anderson JE, Baker TB: Transdermal nicotine replacement for hospitalized patients: a randomized clinical trial. Prev Med. 1998, 27: 296-303. 10.1006/pmed.1998.0266.
72.
Davidson M, Epstein M, Burt R, Schaefer C, Whitworth G, McDonald A: Efficacy and safety of an over-the-counter transdermal nicotine patch as an aid for smoking cessation. Arch Fam Med. 1998, 7: 569-74. 10.1001/archfami.7.6.569.
73.
Blondal T, Gudmundsson LJ, Olafsdottir I, Gustavsson G, Westin A: Nicotine nasal spray with nicotine patch for smoking cessation: randomised trial with six year follow up. Bmj. 1999, 318: 285-8.
74.
Tonnesen P, Paoletti P, Gustavsson G, Russell MA, Saracci R, Gulsvik A: Higher dosage nicotine patches increase one-year smoking cessation rates: results from the European CEASE trial. Collaborative European Anti-Smoking Evaluation. European Respiratory Society. Eur Respir J. 1999, 13: 238-46. 10.1034/j.1399-3003.1999.13b04.x.
75.
Hays JT, Croghan IT, Schroeder DR, Offord KP, Hurt RD, Wolter TD: Over-the-counter nicotine patch therapy for smoking cessation: results from randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, and open label trials. Am J Public Health. 1999, 89: 1701-7. 10.2105/AJPH.89.11.1701.
76.
Jorenby DE, Leischow SJ, Nides MA, Rennard SI, Johnston JA, Hughes AR: A controlled trial of sustained-release bupropion, a nicotine patch, or both for smoking cessation. N Engl J Med. 1999, 340: 685-91. 10.1056/NEJM199903043400903.
77.
Bohadana A, Nilsson F, Rasmussen T, Martinet Y: Nicotine inhaler and nicotine patch as a combination therapy for smoking cessation: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Arch Intern Med. 2000, 160: 3128-34. 10.1001/archinte.160.20.3128.
78.
Bolliger CT, Zellweger JP, Danielsson T, van Biljon X, Robidou A, Westin A: Smoking reduction with oral nicotine inhalers: double blind, randomised clinical trial of efficacy and safety. Bmj. 2000, 321: 329-33. 10.1136/bmj.321.7257.329.
79.
Garvey AJ, Kinnunen T, Nordstrom BL, Utman CH, Doherty K, Rosner B: Effects of nicotine gum dose by level of nicotine dependence. Nicotine Tob Res. 2000, 2: 53-63. 10.1080/14622200050011303.
80.
Wallstrom M, Nilsson F, Hirsch JM: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical evaluation of a nicotine sublingual tablet in smoking cessation. Addiction. 2000, 95: 1161-71.
81.
Wisborg K, Henriksen TB, Jespersen LB, Secher NJ: Nicotine patches for pregnant smokers: A randomized controlled study. Obstet Gynecol. 2000, 96: 967-71. 10.1016/S0029-7844(00)01071-1.
82.
Etter JF, Laszlo E, Zellweger JP, Perrot C, Perneger TV: Nicotine replacement to reduce cigarette consumption in smokers who are unwilling to quit: a randomized trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2002, 22: 487-95. 10.1097/00004714-200210000-00008.
83.
Shiffman S, Gorsline J, Gorodetzky CW: Efficacy of over-the-counter nicotine patch. Nicotine Tob Res. 2002, 4: 477-83. 10.1080/1462220021000018416.
84.
Glover ED, Glover PN, Franzon M, Sullivan CR, Cerullo CC, Howell RM: A comparison of a nicotine sublingual tablet and placebo for smoking cessation. Nicotine Tob Res. 2002, 4: 441-50. 10.1080/1462220021000018443.
85.
Shiffman S, Dresler CM, Hajek P, Gilburt SJ, Targett DA, Strahs KR: Efficacy of a nicotine lozenge for smoking cessation. Arch Intern Med. 2002, 162: 1267-76. 10.1001/archinte.162.11.1267.
86.
Hand S, Edwards S, Campbell IA, Cannings R: Controlled trial of three weeks nicotine replacement treatment in hospital patients also given advice and support. Thorax. 2002, 57: 715-8. 10.1136/thorax.57.8.715.
87.
Glavas D, Rumboldt M, Rumboldt Z: Smoking cessation with nicotine replacement therapy among health care workers: randomized double-blind study. Croat Med J. 2003, 44: 219-24.
88.
Wennike P, Danielsson T, Landfeldt B, Westin A, Tonnesen P: Smoking reduction promotes smoking cessation: results from a double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of nicotine gum with 2-year follow-up. Addiction. 2003, 98: 1395-402. 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2003.00489.x.
89.
Hughes JR, Novy P, Hatsukami DK, Jensen J, Callas PW: Efficacy of nicotine patch in smokers with a history of alcoholism. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2003, 27: 946-54.
90.
Hanson K, Allen S, Jensen S, Hatsukami D: Treatment of adolescent smokers with the nicotine patch. Nicotine Tob Res. 2003, 5: 515-26. 10.1080/14622200307243.
91.
Molyneux A, Lewis S, Leivers U, Anderton A, Antoniak M, Brackenridge A: Clinical trial comparing nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) plus brief counselling, brief counselling alone, and minimal intervention on smoking cessation in hospital inpatients. Thorax. 2003, 58: 484-8. 10.1136/thorax.58.6.484.
92.
Smith SS, Jorenby DE, Leischow SJ, Nides MA, Rennard SI, Johnston JA: Targeting smokers at increased risk for relapse: treating women and those with a history of depression. Nicotine Tob Res. 2003, 5: 99-109. 10.1080/1462220021000060437.
93.
Schuurmans MM, Diacon AH, van Biljon X, Bolliger CT: Effect of pre-treatment with nicotine patch on withdrawal symptoms and abstinence rates in smokers subsequently quitting with the nicotine patch: a randomized controlled trial. Addiction. 2004, 99: 634-40. 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2004.00711.x.
94.
Moolchan ET, Robinson ML, Ernst M, Cadet JL, Pickworth WB, Heishman SJ: Safety and efficacy of the nicotine patch and gum for the treatment of adolescent tobacco addiction. Pediatrics. 2005, 115: e407-14. 10.1542/peds.2004-1894.
95.
Batra A, Klingler K, Landfeldt B, Friederich HM, Westin A, Danielsson T: Smoking reduction treatment with 4-mg nicotine gum: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2005, 78: 689-96. 10.1016/j.clpt.2005.08.019.
96.
Rennard SI, Glover ED, Leischow S, Daughton DM, Glover PN, Muramoto M: Efficacy of the nicotine inhaler in smoking reduction: A double-blind, randomized trial. Nicotine Tob Res. 2006, 8: 555-64. 10.1080/14622200600789916.
97.
Tonnesen P, Mikkelsen K, Bremann L: Nurse-conducted smoking cessation in patients with COPD using nicotine sublingual tablets and behavioral support. Chest. 2006, 130: 334-42. 10.1378/chest.130.2.334.
98.
Hotham ED, Gilbert AL, Atkinson ER: A randomised-controlled pilot study using nicotine patches with pregnant women. Addict Behav. 2006, 31: 641-8. 10.1016/j.addbeh.2005.05.042.
99.
Myung SK, Seo HG, Park S, Kim Y, Kim DJ, Lee do H: Sociodemographic and smoking behavioral predictors associated with smoking cessation according to follow-up periods: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of transdermal nicotine patches. J Korean Med Sci. 2007, 22: 1065-70. 10.3346/jkms.2007.22.6.1065.
100.
Covey LS, Glassman AH, Jiang H, Fried J, Masmela J, LoDuca C: A randomized trial of bupropion and/or nicotine gum as maintenance treatment for preventing smoking relapse. Addiction. 2007, 102: 1292-302. 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.01887.x.
101.
Piper ME, Federman EB, McCarthy DE, Bolt DM, Smith SS, Fiore MC: Efficacy of bupropion alone and in combination with nicotine gum. Nicotine Tob Res. 2007, 9: 947-54. 10.1080/14622200701540820.
102.
Oncken C, Cooney J, Feinn R, Lando H, Kranzler HR: Transdermal nicotine for smoking cessation in postmenopausal women. Addict Behav. 2007, 32: 296-309. 10.1016/j.addbeh.2006.04.004.
103.
Uyar M, Filiz A, Bayram N, Elbek O, Herken H, Topcu A: A randomized trial of smoking cessation. Medication versus motivation. Saudi Med J. 2007, 28: 922-6.
104.
Pollak KI, Oncken CA, Lipkus IM, Lyna P, Swamy GK, Pletsch PK: Nicotine replacement and behavioral therapy for smoking cessation in pregnancy. Am J Prev Med. 2007, 33: 297-305. 10.1016/j.amepre.2007.05.006.
105.
Joseph AM, Norman SM, Ferry LH, Prochazka AV, Westman EC, Steele BG: The safety of transdermal nicotine as an aid to smoking cessation in patients with cardiac disease. N Engl J Med. 1996, 335: 1792-8. 10.1056/NEJM199612123352402.
106.
Buchkremer G, Bents H, Minneker E, Opitz K: Long-term effects of a combination of transdermal nicotine administration with behavior therapy for smoking cessation. Nervenarzt. 1988, 59: 488-90.
107.
Transdermal nicotine for smoking cessation. Six-month results from two multicenter controlled clinical trials. Transdermal Nicotine Study Group. Jama. 1991, 266: 3133-8. 10.1001/jama.266.22.3133.
108.
Jensen EJ, Schmidt E, Pedersen B, Dahl R: Effect of nicotine, silver acetate, and ordinary chewing gum in combination with group counselling on smoking cessation. Thorax. 1990, 45: 831-4. 10.1136/thx.45.11.831.
109.
Hughes JR, Gust SW, Keenan RM, Fenwick JW: Effect of dose on nicotine's reinforcing, withdrawal-suppression and self-reported effects. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1990, 252: 1175-83.
110.
Aubin HJ, Bobak A, Britton JR, Oncken C, Billing CB, Gong J: Varenicline versus transdermal nicotine patch for smoking cessation: results from a randomised open-label trial. Thorax. 2008, 63: 717-24. 10.1136/thx.2007.090647.
111.
Rubinstein ML, Benowitz NL, Auerback GM, Moscicki AB: A randomized trial of nicotine nasal spray in adolescent smokers. Pediatrics. 2008, 122: e595-600. 10.1542/peds.2008-0501.
112.
Warner DO, Patten CA, Ames SC, Offord KP, Schroeder DR: Effect of nicotine replacement therapy on stress and smoking behavior in surgical patients. Anesthesiology. 2005, 102: 1138-46. 10.1097/00000542-200506000-00013.
113.
Murray RP, Bailey WC, Daniels K, Bjornson WM, Kurnow K, Connett JE: Safety of nicotine polacrilex gum used by 3,094 participants in the Lung Health Study. Lung Health Study Research Group. Chest. 1996, 109: 438-45. 10.1378/chest.109.2.438.
114.
Sun HQ, Guo S, Chen DF, Jiang ZN, Liu Y, Di XL: Family support and employment as predictors of smoking cessation success: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of nicotine sublingual tablets in chinese smokers. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 2009, 35: 183-8. 10.1080/00952990902839794.
115.
Rigotti NA, Gonzales D, Dale LC, Lawrence D, Chang Y: A randomized controlled trial of adding the nicotine patch to rimonabant for smoking cessation: efficacy, safety and weight gain. Addiction. 2009, 104: 266-76. 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2008.02454.x.
116.
Shiffman S, Ferguson SG, Strahs KR: Quitting by gradual smoking reduction using nicotine gum: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Prev Med. 2009, 36: 96-104. 10.1016/j.amepre.2008.09.039. e1.
117.
Piper ME, Smith SS, Schlam TR, Fiore MC, Jorenby DE, Fraser D: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial of 5 smoking cessation pharmacotherapies. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2009, 66: 1253-62. 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2009.142.
118.
Hilleman DE, Mohiuddin SM, Delcore MG: Comparison of fixed-dose transdermal nicotine, tapered-dose transdermal nicotine, and buspirone in smoking cessation. J Clin Pharmacol. 1994, 34: 222-4.
119.
Orleans CT, Resch N, Noll E, Keintz MK, Rimer BK, Brown TV: Use of transdermal nicotine in a state-level prescription plan for the elderly. A first look at 'real-world' patch users. Jama. 1994, 271: 601-7. 10.1001/jama.271.8.601.
120.
Smith TM, Winters FD: Smoking cessation: a clinical study of the transdermal nicotine patch. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 1995, 95: 655-6. 61-2.
121.
Martin PD, Robinson GM: The safety, tolerability and efficacy of transdermal nicotine (Nicotinell TTS) in initially hospitalised patients. N Z Med J. 1995, 108: 6-8.
122.
Fredrickson PA, Hurt RD, Lee GM, Wingender L, Croghan IT, Lauger G: High dose transdermal nicotine therapy for heavy smokers: safety, tolerability and measurement of nicotine and cotinine levels. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 1995, 122: 215-22. 10.1007/BF02246542.
123.
Jorenby DE, Smith SS, Fiore MC, Hurt RD, Offord KP, Croghan IT: Varying nicotine patch dose and type of smoking cessation counseling. Jama. 1995, 274: 1347-52. 10.1001/jama.274.17.1347.
124.
Smith TA, House RF, Croghan IT, Gauvin TR, Colligan RC, Offord KP: Nicotine patch therapy in adolescent smokers. Pediatrics. 1996, 98: 659-67.
125.
Hurt RD, Dale LC, Croghan GA, Croghan IT, Gomez-Dahl LC, Offord KP: Nicotine nasal spray for smoking cessation: pattern of use, side effects, relief of withdrawal symptoms, and cotinine levels. Mayo Clin Proc. 1998, 73: 118-25. 10.4065/73.2.118.
126.
Gourlay SG, Forbes A, Marriner T, McNeil JJ: Predictors and timing of adverse experiences during trandsdermal nicotine therapy. Drug Saf. 1999, 20: 545-55. 10.2165/00002018-199920060-00007.
127.
Killen JD, Fortmann SP, Davis L, Strausberg L, Varady A: Do heavy smokers benefit from higher dose nicotine patch therapy?. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol. 1999, 7: 226-33. 10.1037/1064-1297.7.3.226.
128.
Hurt RD, Croghan GA, Beede SD, Wolter TD, Croghan IT, Patten CA: Nicotine patch therapy in 101 adolescent smokers: efficacy, withdrawal symptom relief, and carbon monoxide and plasma cotinine levels. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2000, 154: 31-7.
129.
Shiffman S, Rolf CN, Hellebusch SJ, Gorsline J, Gorodetzky CW, Chiang YK: Real-world efficacy of prescription and over-the-counter nicotine replacement therapy. Addiction. 2002, 97: 505-16. 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2002.00141.x.
130.
Croghan GA, Sloan JA, Croghan IT, Novotny P, Hurt RD, DeKrey WL: Comparison of nicotine patch alone versus nicotine nasal spray alone versus a combination for treating smokers: a minimal intervention, randomized multicenter trial in a nonspecialized setting. Nicotine Tob Res. 2003, 5: 181-7. 10.1080/1462220031000073252.
131.
Hasford J, Fagerstrom KO, Haustein KO: A naturalistic cohort study on effectiveness, safety and usage pattern of an over-the-counter nicotine patch. Cohort study on smoking cessation. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 2003, 59: 443-7. 10.1007/s00228-003-0629-8.
132.
Fiore MC, McCarthy DE, Jackson TC, Zehner ME, Jorenby DE, Mielke M: Integrating smoking cessation treatment into primary care: an effectiveness study. Prev Med. 2004, 38: 412-20. 10.1016/j.ypmed.2003.11.002.
133.
Carpenter MJ, Hughes JR, Solomon LJ, Callas PW: Both smoking reduction with nicotine replacement therapy and motivational advice increase future cessation among smokers unmotivated to quit. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004, 72: 371-81. 10.1037/0022-006X.72.3.371.
134.
Lerman C, Kaufmann V, Rukstalis M, Patterson F, Perkins K, Audrain-McGovern J: Individualizing nicotine replacement therapy for the treatment of tobacco dependence: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2004, 140: 426-33.
135.
Hughes JR, Adams EH, Franzon MA, Maguire MK, Guary J: A prospective study of off-label use of, abuse of, and dependence on nicotine inhaler. Tob Control. 2005, 14: 49-54. 10.1136/tc.2004.008367.
136.
Marsh HS, Dresler CM, Choi JH, Targett DA, Gamble ML, Strahs KR: Safety profile of a nicotine lozenge compared with that of nicotine gum in adult smokers with underlying medical conditions: a 12-week, randomized, open-label study. Clin Ther. 2005, 27: 1571-87. 10.1016/j.clinthera.2005.10.008.
137.
Bolliger CT, van Biljon X, Axelsson A: A nicotine mouth spray for smoking cessation: a pilot study of preference, safety and efficacy. Respiration. 2007, 74: 196-201. 10.1159/000097136.
138.
Stapleton JA, Watson L, Spirling LI, Smith R, Milbrandt A, Ratcliffe M: Varenicline in the routine treatment of tobacco dependence: a pre-post comparison with nicotine replacement therapy and an evaluation in those with mental illness. Addiction. 2008, 103: 146-54. 10.1111/j.1360-0443.2007.02083.x.
139.
Gunnell D, Irvine D, Wise L, Davies C, Martin RM: Varenicline and suicidal behaviour: a cohort study based on data from the General Practice Research Database. Bmj. 2009, 339: b3805-10.1136/bmj.b3805.
140.
Ossip DJ, Abrams SM, Mahoney MC, Sall D, Cummings KM: Adverse effects with use of nicotine replacement therapy among quitline clients. Nicotine Tob Res. 2009, 11: 408-17. 10.1093/ntr/ntp005.
141.
Steinberg MB, Greenhaus S, Schmelzer AC, Bover MT, Foulds J, Hoover DR: Triple-combination pharmacotherapy for medically ill smokers: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2009, 150: 447-54.
142.
Oncken C, Dornelas E, Greene J, Sankey H, Glasmann A, Feinn R: Nicotine gum for pregnant smokers: a randomized controlled trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2008, 112: 859-67.
143.
Matthew TP, Herity NA: Acute myocardial infarction soon after nicotine replacement therapy. QJM. 2001, 94: 503-4. 10.1093/qjmed/94.9.503.
144.
Dacosta A, Guy JM, Tardy B, Gonthier R, Denis L, Lamaud M: Myocardial infarction and nicotine patch: a contributing or causative factor?. Eur Heart J. 1993, 14: 1709-11.
145.
Ottervanger JP, Festen JM, de Vries AG, Stricker BH: Acute myocardial infarction while using the nicotine patch. Chest. 1995, 107: 1765-6. 10.1378/chest.107.6.1765.
146.
Ottervanger JP, Stricker BH, Klomps HC: Transdermal nicotine: clarifications, side effects, and funding. Jama. 1993, 269: 1940-10.1001/jama.269.15.1940. author reply -1.
147.
Rigotti NA, Eagle KA: Atrial fibrillation while chewing nicotine gum. Jama. 1986, 255: 1018-10.1001/jama.255.8.1018.
148.
Warner JG, Little WC: Myocardial infarction in a patient who smoked while wearing a nicotine patch. Ann Intern Med. 1994, 120: 695.
149.
McRobbie H, Hajek P: Nicotine replacement therapy in patients with cardiovascular disease: guidelines for health professionals. Addiction. 2001, 96: 1547-51. 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.961115472.x.
150.
McRobbie H, Hajek P, Gillison F: The relationship between smoking cessation and mouth ulcers. Nicotine Tob Res. 2004, 6: 655-9. 10.1080/14622200410001734012.
151.
Hughes JR: Smoking and suicide: a brief overview. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2008, 98: 169-78. 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.06.003.
152.
Schroeder SA: A 51-year-old woman with bipolar disorder who wants to quit smoking. Jama. 2009, 301: 522-31. 10.1001/jama.2008.982.
153.
Kyle SD, Morgan K, Espie CA: Insomnia and health-related quality of life. Sleep Med Rev. 2009.
154.
Fergusson D, Doucette S, Glass KC, Shapiro S, Healy D, Hebert P: Association between suicide attempts and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors: systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Bmj. 2005, 330: 396-10.1136/bmj.330.7488.396.
155.
Borenstein M, Hedges L, Higgins JP, Rothstein H: Introduction to Meta-analysis. 2009, Wiley, Chichester, 312.
156.
Thomsen T, Tonnesen H, Moller AM: Effect of preoperative smoking cessation interventions on postoperative complications and smoking cessation. Br J Surg. 2009, 96: 451-61. 10.1002/bjs.6591.
157.
Poldermans D, Bax JJ, Boersma E, De Hert S, Eeckhout E, Fowkes G: Guidelines for pre-operative cardiac risk assessment and perioperative cardiac management in non-cardiac surgery: the Task Force for Preoperative Cardiac Risk Assessment and Perioperative Cardiac Management in Non-cardiac Surgery of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and endorsed by the European Society of Anaesthesiology (ESA). Eur Heart J. 2009, 30: 2769-812. 10.1093/eurheartj/ehp337.
CITATIONS (96):
1.
Adaptive, Dose-finding Phase 2 Trial Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of ABT-089 in Mild to Moderate Alzheimer Disease
Robert A. Lenz, Yili L. Pritchett, Scott M. Berry, Daniel A. Llano, Shu Han, Donald A. Berry, Carl H. Sadowsky, Walid M. Abi-Saab, Mario D. Saltarelli
Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders
Robert A. Lenz, Yili L. Pritchett, Scott M. Berry, Daniel A. Llano, Shu Han, Donald A. Berry, Carl H. Sadowsky, Walid M. Abi-Saab, Mario D. Saltarelli
Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders
2.
Nicotine replacement therapy in critically ill patients: A prospective observational cohort study*
Rodrigo Cartin-Ceba, David O. Warner, J. Taylor Hays, Bekele Afessa
Critical Care Medicine
Rodrigo Cartin-Ceba, David O. Warner, J. Taylor Hays, Bekele Afessa
Critical Care Medicine
4.
A worldwide yearly survey of new data in adverse drug reactions and interactions
N.H. Choulis
N.H. Choulis
5.
Management Options in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Himanshu Desai, Bhavin Dalal
Clinical Medicine Insights: Therapeutics
Himanshu Desai, Bhavin Dalal
Clinical Medicine Insights: Therapeutics
6.
Reprint of “Effects of amphetamine, diazepam and caffeine on polysomnography (EEG, EMG, EOG)-derived variables measured using telemetry in Cynomolgus monkeys”
Simon Authier, Leanne Bassett, Mylene Pouliot, Adeline Rachalski, Eric Troncy, Dominique Paquette, Valérie Mongrain
Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods
Simon Authier, Leanne Bassett, Mylene Pouliot, Adeline Rachalski, Eric Troncy, Dominique Paquette, Valérie Mongrain
Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods
7.
The next-generation nicotine vaccine: a novel and potent hybrid nanoparticle-based nicotine vaccine
Yun Hu, Daniel Smith, Evan Frazier, Reece Hoerle, Marion Ehrich, Chenming Zhang
Biomaterials
Yun Hu, Daniel Smith, Evan Frazier, Reece Hoerle, Marion Ehrich, Chenming Zhang
Biomaterials
8.
Ear Acupressure for Smoking Cessation: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Anthony L. Zhang, Yuan Ming Di, Christopher Worsnop, Brian H. May, Cliff Da Costa, Charlie C. L. Xue
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
Anthony L. Zhang, Yuan Ming Di, Christopher Worsnop, Brian H. May, Cliff Da Costa, Charlie C. L. Xue
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine
9.
A randomized controlled trial of stage-matched intervention for smoking cessation in cardiac out-patients
Sophia S. C. Chan, Doris Y. P. Leung, David C. N. Wong, Chu-Pak Lau, Vivian T. Wong, Tai-Hing Lam
Addiction
Sophia S. C. Chan, Doris Y. P. Leung, David C. N. Wong, Chu-Pak Lau, Vivian T. Wong, Tai-Hing Lam
Addiction
10.
Achieving appropriate regulations for electronic cigarettes
Daniela Saitta, Giancarlo Antonio Ferro, Riccardo Polosa
Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease
Daniela Saitta, Giancarlo Antonio Ferro, Riccardo Polosa
Therapeutic Advances in Chronic Disease
11.
Treating Smokers in the Health Care Setting
Michael C. Fiore, Timothy B. Baker
New England Journal of Medicine
Michael C. Fiore, Timothy B. Baker
New England Journal of Medicine
12.
Smokeless tobacco cessation in South Asian communities: a multi-centre prospective cohort study
Ray Croucher, Siddharth Shanbhag, Manu Dahiya, Saba Kassim, Julia Csikar, Louise Ross
Addiction
Ray Croucher, Siddharth Shanbhag, Manu Dahiya, Saba Kassim, Julia Csikar, Louise Ross
Addiction
13.
Interventions for Tobacco Smoking
Tanya R. Schlam, Timothy B. Baker
Annual Review of Clinical Psychology
Tanya R. Schlam, Timothy B. Baker
Annual Review of Clinical Psychology
14.
Is nicotine replacement therapy overvalued in smoking cessation? Analysis of smokers' and quitters' communication in social media
Terhi Kurko, Kari Linden, Maija Kolstela, Kirsi Pietilä, Marja Airaksinen
Health Expectations
Terhi Kurko, Kari Linden, Maija Kolstela, Kirsi Pietilä, Marja Airaksinen
Health Expectations
15.
Feasibility of offering nicotine replacement therapy as a relapse prevention treatment in routine smoking cessation services
Jessica Turner, Ann McNeill, Tim Coleman, Jo Leonardi Bee, Shade Agboola
BMC Health Services Research
Jessica Turner, Ann McNeill, Tim Coleman, Jo Leonardi Bee, Shade Agboola
BMC Health Services Research
16.
Describing the role of Australian community pharmacists in oral healthcare
Meng-Wong Taing, Pauline J. Ford, Coral E. Gartner, Christopher R. Freeman
International Journal of Pharmacy Practice
Meng-Wong Taing, Pauline J. Ford, Coral E. Gartner, Christopher R. Freeman
International Journal of Pharmacy Practice
17.
“Meaningful use” provides a meaningful opportunity
Vance Rabius, Maher Karam-Hage, Janice A. Blalock, Paul M. Cinciripini
Cancer
Vance Rabius, Maher Karam-Hage, Janice A. Blalock, Paul M. Cinciripini
Cancer
18.
High-dose transdermal nicotine in Parkinson's disease patients: a randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint evaluation phase 2 study
G. Villafane, C. Thiriez, E. Audureau, C. Straczek, P. Kerschen, F. Cormier-Dequaire, A. Van Der Gucht, J.-M. Gurruchaga, M. Quéré-Carne, E. Evangelista, M. Paul, G. Defer, P. Damier, P. Remy, E. Itti, G. Fénelon
European Journal of Neurology
G. Villafane, C. Thiriez, E. Audureau, C. Straczek, P. Kerschen, F. Cormier-Dequaire, A. Van Der Gucht, J.-M. Gurruchaga, M. Quéré-Carne, E. Evangelista, M. Paul, G. Defer, P. Damier, P. Remy, E. Itti, G. Fénelon
European Journal of Neurology
19.
Pharmacological Intervention of Nicotine Dependence
Raka Jain, Pradipta Majumder, Tina Gupta
BioMed Research International
Raka Jain, Pradipta Majumder, Tina Gupta
BioMed Research International
20.
A worldwide yearly survey of new data in adverse drug reactions and interactions
N.H. Choulis
N.H. Choulis
21.
Adverse Effects and Tolerability of Medications for the Treatment of Tobacco Use and Dependence
J. Taylor Hays, Jon O. Ebbert
Drugs
J. Taylor Hays, Jon O. Ebbert
Drugs
22.
Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation
Lindsay F Stead, Rafael Perera, Chris Bullen, David Mant, Jamie Hartmann-Boyce, Kate Cahill, Tim Lancaster
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Lindsay F Stead, Rafael Perera, Chris Bullen, David Mant, Jamie Hartmann-Boyce, Kate Cahill, Tim Lancaster
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
23.
Pharmacological interventions for smoking cessation: an overview and network meta-analysis
Kate Cahill, Sarah Stevens, Rafael Perera, Tim Lancaster
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Kate Cahill, Sarah Stevens, Rafael Perera, Tim Lancaster
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
24.
Varenicline for smoking cessation: nausea severity and variation in nicotinic receptor genes
G E Swan, H S Javitz, L M Jack, J Wessel, M Michel, D A Hinds, R P Stokowksi, J B McClure, S L Catz, J Richards, S M Zbikowski, M Deprey, T McAfee, D V Conti, A W Bergen
The Pharmacogenomics Journal
G E Swan, H S Javitz, L M Jack, J Wessel, M Michel, D A Hinds, R P Stokowksi, J B McClure, S L Catz, J Richards, S M Zbikowski, M Deprey, T McAfee, D V Conti, A W Bergen
The Pharmacogenomics Journal
25.
Aide à l’arrêt du tabagisme chez les personnes âgées
P. Dupont, L. Blécha
NPG Neurologie - Psychiatrie - Gériatrie
P. Dupont, L. Blécha
NPG Neurologie - Psychiatrie - Gériatrie
27.
Outcomes and Factors Associated With Reduced Symptoms in Patients With Gastroparesis
Pankaj J. Pasricha, Katherine P. Yates, Linda Nguyen, John Clarke, Thomas L. Abell, Gianrico Farrugia, William L. Hasler, Kenneth L. Koch, William J. Snape, Richard W. McCallum, Irene Sarosiek, James Tonascia, Laura A. Miriel, Linda Lee, Frank Hamilton, Henry P. Parkman
Gastroenterology
Pankaj J. Pasricha, Katherine P. Yates, Linda Nguyen, John Clarke, Thomas L. Abell, Gianrico Farrugia, William L. Hasler, Kenneth L. Koch, William J. Snape, Richard W. McCallum, Irene Sarosiek, James Tonascia, Laura A. Miriel, Linda Lee, Frank Hamilton, Henry P. Parkman
Gastroenterology
28.
Eficacia y seguridad del uso de medicamentos para la cesación de la adicción al tabaco: revisión de guías de práctica clínica
Alejandra Cañas Arboleda, Luz Helena Alba, Nelci Becerra, Raul Murillo, Nelson Paez, Catalina Mosquera, Plutarco Garcia-Herreros, Juan Sebastian Castillo
Revista de Salud Pública
Alejandra Cañas Arboleda, Luz Helena Alba, Nelci Becerra, Raul Murillo, Nelson Paez, Catalina Mosquera, Plutarco Garcia-Herreros, Juan Sebastian Castillo
Revista de Salud Pública
30.
A systematic review of possible serious adverse health effects of nicotine replacement therapy
Peter N. Lee, Marc W. Fariss
Archives of Toxicology
Peter N. Lee, Marc W. Fariss
Archives of Toxicology
31.
Pharmacologic Agents for Tobacco Dependence Treatment: 2011 Update
J. Taylor Hays, David D. McFadden, Jon O. Ebbert
Current Atherosclerosis Reports
J. Taylor Hays, David D. McFadden, Jon O. Ebbert
Current Atherosclerosis Reports
32.
Evidence-based treatments for smoking cessation
Susan E. Chaney, Susan Sheriff
The Nurse Practitioner
Susan E. Chaney, Susan Sheriff
The Nurse Practitioner
33.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Acupoint Stimulation on Smoking Cessation
Hsiao-Min Cheng, Yu-Chu Chung, Hsing-Hsia Chen, Yung-Hsien Chang, Mei-Ling Yeh
The American Journal of Chinese Medicine
Hsiao-Min Cheng, Yu-Chu Chung, Hsing-Hsia Chen, Yung-Hsien Chang, Mei-Ling Yeh
The American Journal of Chinese Medicine
34.
“Tobacco dependence treatment makes no sense because”…: Rebuttal of commonly-heard arguments against providing tobacco dependence treatment in the hospital setting
James Balmford, Jens A Leifert, Andreas Jaehne
BMC Public Health
James Balmford, Jens A Leifert, Andreas Jaehne
BMC Public Health
35.
Influence of smoking cessation drugs on blood pressure and heart rate in patients with cardiovascular disease or high risk score: real life setting
André Pacheco Silva, Jaqueline Scholz, Tania Ogawa Abe, Gabriela Gouveia Pinheiro, Patricia Viviane Gaya, Alexandre Costa Pereira, Paulo Caleb Junior Lima Santos
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
André Pacheco Silva, Jaqueline Scholz, Tania Ogawa Abe, Gabriela Gouveia Pinheiro, Patricia Viviane Gaya, Alexandre Costa Pereira, Paulo Caleb Junior Lima Santos
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders
36.
Cardiovascular Adverse Events Associated with Smoking-Cessation Pharmacotherapies
Abhishek Sharma, Saurabh Thakar, Carl J. Lavie, Jalaj Garg, Parasuram Krishnamoorthy, Ondrej Sochor, Armin Arbab-Zadeh, Edgar Lichstein
Current Cardiology Reports
Abhishek Sharma, Saurabh Thakar, Carl J. Lavie, Jalaj Garg, Parasuram Krishnamoorthy, Ondrej Sochor, Armin Arbab-Zadeh, Edgar Lichstein
Current Cardiology Reports
37.
Smoking cessation and the cardiovascular patient
Judith J. Prochaska, Neal L. Benowitz
Current Opinion in Cardiology
Judith J. Prochaska, Neal L. Benowitz
Current Opinion in Cardiology
38.
Effective Smoking-Cessation Strategies in Primary Care Setting
Eun Mi Chun
Korean Journal of Medicine
Eun Mi Chun
Korean Journal of Medicine
39.
Effects of amphetamine, diazepam and caffeine on polysomnography (EEG, EMG, EOG)-derived variables measured using telemetry in Cynomolgus monkeys
Simon Authier, Leanne Bassett, Mylene Pouliot, Adeline Rachalski, Eric Troncy, Dominique Paquette, Valérie Mongrain
Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods
Simon Authier, Leanne Bassett, Mylene Pouliot, Adeline Rachalski, Eric Troncy, Dominique Paquette, Valérie Mongrain
Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods
40.
General mechanisms of nicotine-induced fibrogenesis
Kendal Jensen, Damir Nizamutdinov, Micheleine Guerrier, Syeda Afroze, David Dostal, Shannon Glaser
The FASEB Journal
Kendal Jensen, Damir Nizamutdinov, Micheleine Guerrier, Syeda Afroze, David Dostal, Shannon Glaser
The FASEB Journal
41.
Trajectories of cigarette smoking in adulthood predict insomnia among women in late mid-life
David W. Brook, Elizabeth Rubenstone, Chenshu Zhang, Judith S. Brook
Sleep Medicine
David W. Brook, Elizabeth Rubenstone, Chenshu Zhang, Judith S. Brook
Sleep Medicine
42.
New Pharmacological Agents to Aid Smoking Cessation and Tobacco Harm Reduction: What Has Been Investigated, and What Is in the Pipeline?
Emma Beard, Lion Shahab, Damian M. Cummings, Susan Michie, Robert West
CNS Drugs
Emma Beard, Lion Shahab, Damian M. Cummings, Susan Michie, Robert West
CNS Drugs
43.
Sleep as a Target for Optimized Response to Smoking Cessation Treatment
Freda Patterson, Michael A Grandner, Susan K Malone, Albert Rizzo, Adam Davey, David G Edwards
Nicotine & Tobacco Research
Freda Patterson, Michael A Grandner, Susan K Malone, Albert Rizzo, Adam Davey, David G Edwards
Nicotine & Tobacco Research
44.
The Pharmacotherapy of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in the Elderly: An Update
Hashir Majid, Amir Sharafkhaneh
Clinical Medicine Insights: Therapeutics
Hashir Majid, Amir Sharafkhaneh
Clinical Medicine Insights: Therapeutics
45.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 Study of α4β2 Agonist ABT-894 in Adults with ADHD
Earle E Bain, Weining Robieson, Yili Pritchett, Tushar Garimella, Walid Abi-Saab, George Apostol, James J McGough, Mario D Saltarelli
Neuropsychopharmacology
Earle E Bain, Weining Robieson, Yili Pritchett, Tushar Garimella, Walid Abi-Saab, George Apostol, James J McGough, Mario D Saltarelli
Neuropsychopharmacology
46.
Pharmacy considerations in tobacco cessation for patients suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder
Allen Ayala, Melanie Geer
Mental Health Clinician
Allen Ayala, Melanie Geer
Mental Health Clinician
47.
Short‐Term Safety of Nicotine Replacement in Smokers Hospitalized With Coronary Heart Disease
Quinn R. Pack, Aruna Priya, Tara C. Lagu, Penelope S. Pekow, Auras Atreya, Nancy A. Rigotti, Peter K. Lindenauer
Journal of the American Heart Association
Quinn R. Pack, Aruna Priya, Tara C. Lagu, Penelope S. Pekow, Auras Atreya, Nancy A. Rigotti, Peter K. Lindenauer
Journal of the American Heart Association
49.
Nicotine replacement therapy versus control for smoking cessation
Jamie Hartmann-Boyce, Samantha C Chepkin, Weiyu Ye, Chris Bullen, Tim Lancaster
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Jamie Hartmann-Boyce, Samantha C Chepkin, Weiyu Ye, Chris Bullen, Tim Lancaster
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
50.
An RCT with the combination of varenicline and bupropion for smoking cessation: clinical implications for front line use
Paul M. Cinciripini, Jennifer A. Minnix, Charles E. Green, Jason D. Robinson, Jeffrey M. Engelmann, Francesco Versace, David W. Wetter, Sanjay Shete, Maher Karam-Hage
Addiction
Paul M. Cinciripini, Jennifer A. Minnix, Charles E. Green, Jason D. Robinson, Jeffrey M. Engelmann, Francesco Versace, David W. Wetter, Sanjay Shete, Maher Karam-Hage
Addiction
51.
Cardiovascular Events Associated With Smoking Cessation Pharmacotherapies
Edward J. Mills, Kristian Thorlund, Shawn Eapen, Ping Wu, Judith J. Prochaska
Circulation
Edward J. Mills, Kristian Thorlund, Shawn Eapen, Ping Wu, Judith J. Prochaska
Circulation
53.
DIABETE, TABAGISMO E DISASSUEFAZIONE DAL FUMO
Davide Campagna, Angela Alamo, Enrico Mondati, Riccardo Polosa
il Diabete
Davide Campagna, Angela Alamo, Enrico Mondati, Riccardo Polosa
il Diabete
56.
Smoking and diabetes: dangerous liaisons and confusing relationships
D. Campagna, A. Alamo, Pino Di, C. Russo, A. Calogero, F. Purrello, R. Polosa
Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome
D. Campagna, A. Alamo, Pino Di, C. Russo, A. Calogero, F. Purrello, R. Polosa
Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome
57.
Therapy in Sleep-Related Hypermotor Epilepsy (SHE)
Gian Asioli, Simone Rossi, Francesca Bisulli, Laura Licchetta, Paolo Tinuper, Federica Provini
Current Treatment Options in Neurology
Gian Asioli, Simone Rossi, Francesca Bisulli, Laura Licchetta, Paolo Tinuper, Federica Provini
Current Treatment Options in Neurology
58.
Oral health and nicotine replacement therapy product
Jane Manakil, Andrew Miliankos, Megan Gray, Anut Itthagarun, Roy George
European Journal of General Dentistry
Jane Manakil, Andrew Miliankos, Megan Gray, Anut Itthagarun, Roy George
European Journal of General Dentistry
59.
Personalized dosing of nicotine replacement therapy versus standard dosing for the treatment of individuals with tobacco dependence: study protocol for a randomized placebo-controlled trial
Laurie Zawertailo, Christian Hendershot, Rachel Tyndale, Foll Le, Andriy Samokhvalov, Kevin Thorpe, Andrew Pipe, Robert Reid, Peter Selby
Trials
Laurie Zawertailo, Christian Hendershot, Rachel Tyndale, Foll Le, Andriy Samokhvalov, Kevin Thorpe, Andrew Pipe, Robert Reid, Peter Selby
Trials
60.
Efficacy of a short-term residential smoking cessation therapy versus standard outpatient group therapy (‘START-Study’): study protocol of a randomized controlled trial
Jonas Dickreuter, Claudia Schmoor, Jürgen Bengel, Andreas Jähne, Jens Leifert
Trials
Jonas Dickreuter, Claudia Schmoor, Jürgen Bengel, Andreas Jähne, Jens Leifert
Trials
61.
Factors influencing the uptake and use of nicotine replacement therapy and e-cigarettes in pregnant women who smoke: a qualitative evidence synthesis
Katarzyna Campbell, Thomas Coleman-Haynes, Katharine Bowker, Sue Cooper, Sarah Connelly, Tim Coleman
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Katarzyna Campbell, Thomas Coleman-Haynes, Katharine Bowker, Sue Cooper, Sarah Connelly, Tim Coleman
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
62.
Electrospun α-Lactalbumin Nanofibers for Site-Specific and Fast-Onset Delivery of Nicotine in the Oral Cavity: An In Vitro, Ex Vivo, and Tissue Spatial Distribution Study
Kleopatra Kalouta, Mai Stie, Christian Janfelt, Ioannis Chronakis, Jette Jacobsen, Nielsen Mørck, Vito Foderà
Molecular Pharmaceutics
Kleopatra Kalouta, Mai Stie, Christian Janfelt, Ioannis Chronakis, Jette Jacobsen, Nielsen Mørck, Vito Foderà
Molecular Pharmaceutics
63.
Associations of cigarette smoking with psychiatric disorders: evidence from a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Shuai Yuan, Honghui Yao, Susanna Larsson
Scientific Reports
Shuai Yuan, Honghui Yao, Susanna Larsson
Scientific Reports
65.
Interventions for Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Persons
Alex Krist, Karina Davidson, Carol Mangione, Michael Barry, Michael Cabana, Aaron Caughey, Katrina Donahue, Chyke Doubeni, John Epling, Martha Kubik, Gbenga Ogedegbe, Lori Pbert, Michael Silverstein, Melissa Simon, Chien-Wen Tseng, John Wong
JAMA
Alex Krist, Karina Davidson, Carol Mangione, Michael Barry, Michael Cabana, Aaron Caughey, Katrina Donahue, Chyke Doubeni, John Epling, Martha Kubik, Gbenga Ogedegbe, Lori Pbert, Michael Silverstein, Melissa Simon, Chien-Wen Tseng, John Wong
JAMA
66.
Risk of neuropsychiatric and cardiovascular adverse events following treatment with varenicline and nicotine replacement therapy in the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink: a case–cross‐over study
Kyla Thomas, Neil Davies, Amy Taylor, Gemma Taylor, David Gunnell, Richard Martin, Ian Douglas
Addiction
Kyla Thomas, Neil Davies, Amy Taylor, Gemma Taylor, David Gunnell, Richard Martin, Ian Douglas
Addiction
67.
Interventions for Tobacco Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Persons
Carrie Patnode, Jillian Henderson, Erin Coppola, Joy Melnikow, Shauna Durbin, Rachel Thomas
JAMA
Carrie Patnode, Jillian Henderson, Erin Coppola, Joy Melnikow, Shauna Durbin, Rachel Thomas
JAMA
68.
Update on pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation
Hye Choi, Jae Kim
Journal of the Korean Medical Association
Hye Choi, Jae Kim
Journal of the Korean Medical Association
69.
Frequently Reported Adverse Events With Smoking Cessation Medications: Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Trial
Jon Ebbert, Carlos Jimenez-Ruiz, Michael Dutro, Matt Fisher, Jing Li, J. Hays
Mayo Clinic Proceedings
Jon Ebbert, Carlos Jimenez-Ruiz, Michael Dutro, Matt Fisher, Jing Li, J. Hays
Mayo Clinic Proceedings
70.
The INITIATE trial protocol: a randomized controlled trial testing the effectiveness of a “quit card” intervention on long-term abstinence among tobacco smokers presenting to the emergency department
Kerri Mullen, Aditi Garg, Frederick Gagnon, George Wells, Atul Kapur, Steven Hawken, Andrew Pipe, Kathryn Walker, Venkatesh Thiruganasambandamoorthy, Marta Klepaczek, Robert Reid
Trials
Kerri Mullen, Aditi Garg, Frederick Gagnon, George Wells, Atul Kapur, Steven Hawken, Andrew Pipe, Kathryn Walker, Venkatesh Thiruganasambandamoorthy, Marta Klepaczek, Robert Reid
Trials
71.
Behavioral Counseling and Pharmacotherapy Interventions for Tobacco Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Women: A Review of Reviews for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force
Carrie Patnode, Jillian Henderson, Jamie Thompson, Caitlyn Senger, Stephen Fortmann, Evelyn Whitlock
Annals of Internal Medicine
Carrie Patnode, Jillian Henderson, Jamie Thompson, Caitlyn Senger, Stephen Fortmann, Evelyn Whitlock
Annals of Internal Medicine
72.
Behavioral and Pharmacotherapy Interventions for Tobacco Smoking Cessation in Adults, Including Pregnant Women: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement
Albert Siu
Annals of Internal Medicine
Albert Siu
Annals of Internal Medicine
74.
Comparison of withdrawal symptom intensity between hypnosis and nicotine-replacement-therapies: A pilot study
Guillaume Lourmière, Aurélie Lacroix, Murielle Girard, Philippe Nubukpo
American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis
Guillaume Lourmière, Aurélie Lacroix, Murielle Girard, Philippe Nubukpo
American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis
75.
Treatment of Tobacco Smoking
Nancy Rigotti, Gina Kruse, Jonathan Livingstone-Banks, Jamie Hartmann-Boyce
JAMA
Nancy Rigotti, Gina Kruse, Jonathan Livingstone-Banks, Jamie Hartmann-Boyce
JAMA
76.
A qualitative analysis of nicotine replacement therapy uptake, consistent use, and persistence among primary care patients who smoke
GM Styklunas, NN Shahid, ER Park, JE Haberer, NA Rigotti, SE Howard, GR Kruse
Drug and Alcohol Dependence Reports
GM Styklunas, NN Shahid, ER Park, JE Haberer, NA Rigotti, SE Howard, GR Kruse
Drug and Alcohol Dependence Reports
77.
Oral side effects of locally delivered nicotine replacement therapy: A meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Gowri Sivaramakrishnan, Muneera Alsobaiei, Kannan Sridharan
International Journal of Dental Hygiene
Gowri Sivaramakrishnan, Muneera Alsobaiei, Kannan Sridharan
International Journal of Dental Hygiene
79.
Ear Acupressure for Smoking Cessation: Study Protocol for a Randomised Controlled Trial
Anthony Zhang, Yuan Di, Christopher Worsnop, Brian May, Charlie Xue
Complementary Medicine Research
Anthony Zhang, Yuan Di, Christopher Worsnop, Brian May, Charlie Xue
Complementary Medicine Research
80.
Initiating Pharmacologic Treatment in Tobacco-Dependent Adults
Alejandra Ellison-Barnes, Panagis Galiatsatos
Medical Clinics of North America
Alejandra Ellison-Barnes, Panagis Galiatsatos
Medical Clinics of North America
81.
Efficacy and safety of acupuncture combined with auricular acupressure for smoking cessation: A study protocol of a multicentre, randomized, controlled clinical trial
Jinchun Zeng, Yizu Liao, Xiaojing Wei, Guangxian Chen, Zibin Cai, Min Chen, Yanhua Gou, Guohua Lin
Frontiers in Neurology
Jinchun Zeng, Yizu Liao, Xiaojing Wei, Guangxian Chen, Zibin Cai, Min Chen, Yanhua Gou, Guohua Lin
Frontiers in Neurology
82.
A systematic review of genetic variation within nicotinic acetylcholine receptor genes and cigarette smoking cessation
Stephanie Jones, Bethany Wolf, Brett Froeliger, Kristin Wallace, Matthew Carpenter, Anthony Alberg
Drug and Alcohol Dependence
Stephanie Jones, Bethany Wolf, Brett Froeliger, Kristin Wallace, Matthew Carpenter, Anthony Alberg
Drug and Alcohol Dependence
83.
Understanding Hesitation to Use Nicotine Replacement Therapy: A Content Analysis of Posts in Online Tobacco-Cessation Support Groups
Connor Phillips, Cornelia Pechmann, Douglas Calder, Judith Prochaska
American Journal of Health Promotion
Connor Phillips, Cornelia Pechmann, Douglas Calder, Judith Prochaska
American Journal of Health Promotion
84.
Bibliometric analysis of traditional Chinese medicine for
smoking cessation
Jingli Xing, Jianping Liu, Mei Han, Yue Jiang, Jiali Jiang, He Huang
Tobacco Induced Diseases
Jingli Xing, Jianping Liu, Mei Han, Yue Jiang, Jiali Jiang, He Huang
Tobacco Induced Diseases
85.
An Open-label Pilot Study of NicoBloc as a Novel Smoking Cessation Intervention
Keith Chichester, Michelle Sisson, Sofia Chana, Caitlin Wolford-Clevenger, Mickeah Hugley, Elizabeth Hawes, Paige Palenski, Angela Nguyen, Jennifer Dahne, Peter Hendricks, Karen Cropsey
Journal of Addiction Medicine
Keith Chichester, Michelle Sisson, Sofia Chana, Caitlin Wolford-Clevenger, Mickeah Hugley, Elizabeth Hawes, Paige Palenski, Angela Nguyen, Jennifer Dahne, Peter Hendricks, Karen Cropsey
Journal of Addiction Medicine
86.
Design and Preclinical Evaluation of Nicotine–Stearic Acid Conjugate-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for Transdermal Delivery: A Technical Note
Jwala Renukuntla, Samuel Peterson-Sockwell, Bradley Clark, Nipunika Godage, Emanuela Gionfriddo, Pradeep Bolla, Sai Boddu
Pharmaceutics
Jwala Renukuntla, Samuel Peterson-Sockwell, Bradley Clark, Nipunika Godage, Emanuela Gionfriddo, Pradeep Bolla, Sai Boddu
Pharmaceutics
87.
Common adverse events of electronic cigarettes compared with traditional nicotine replacement therapies: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Aathavan Anandan, Janni Leung, Gary Chan, Tianze Sun, Jason Connor, Wayne Hall, Daniel Stjepanović
Drug and Alcohol Review
Aathavan Anandan, Janni Leung, Gary Chan, Tianze Sun, Jason Connor, Wayne Hall, Daniel Stjepanović
Drug and Alcohol Review
88.
Comparison between cytisine and Nicotine Replacement Therapy in smoking cessation among inpatient psychiatric patients
Maria Tavakoli-Ardakani, Sani Gholamzadeh, Narges Beyraghi, Shadi Najarimoghadam, Ali Kheradmand
Journal of Addictive Diseases
Maria Tavakoli-Ardakani, Sani Gholamzadeh, Narges Beyraghi, Shadi Najarimoghadam, Ali Kheradmand
Journal of Addictive Diseases
89.
Cholinergic modulation of sensory perception and plasticity
Ansley Kunnath, René Gifford, Mark Wallace
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
Ansley Kunnath, René Gifford, Mark Wallace
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
90.
Nicotine pouches: a review for the dental team
Jackson M., Anthony Weke, Richard Holliday
British Dental Journal
Jackson M., Anthony Weke, Richard Holliday
British Dental Journal
91.
Perceptions, intentions, and actual use of a consumer nicotine gum
Cheryl Olson, Neil Sherwood, Maia Berkane, Karin Gilligan, Willie McKinney
Harm Reduction Journal
Cheryl Olson, Neil Sherwood, Maia Berkane, Karin Gilligan, Willie McKinney
Harm Reduction Journal
92.
Nicotine-based Interventions for Adult Smokers with Diabetes: A Systematic Review
Farhana Haseen, Nafis Rahman, As-Saba Hossain, Sohel Rana, Asif Chowdhury, Hasna Mahmud, Joanne Coyle, Sophie Notley, Gabriel Barnard, Neil McKeganey
Farhana Haseen, Nafis Rahman, As-Saba Hossain, Sohel Rana, Asif Chowdhury, Hasna Mahmud, Joanne Coyle, Sophie Notley, Gabriel Barnard, Neil McKeganey
93.
Clinical challenges facing patient participation in cardiac rehabilitation: cigarette smoking
Diann E. Gaalema, Sherrie Khadanga, Quinn R. Pack
Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy
Diann E. Gaalema, Sherrie Khadanga, Quinn R. Pack
Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy
94.
Type-switching of short-acting nicotine replacement therapy products and its implications for treatment
Scott Veldhuizen, Laurie Zawertailo, Peter Selby
Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment
Scott Veldhuizen, Laurie Zawertailo, Peter Selby
Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment
95.
Chronic nicotine exposure is associated with electrophysiological and sympathetic remodeling in the intact rabbit heart
Amanda Guevara, Charlotte E.R. Smith, Jessica L. Caldwell, Lena Ngo, Lilian R. Mott, I-Ju Lee, inivas Tapa, Zhen Wang, Lianguo Wang, William R. Woodward, G. Andre Ng, Beth A. Habecker, Crystal M. Ripplinger
Amanda Guevara, Charlotte E.R. Smith, Jessica L. Caldwell, Lena Ngo, Lilian R. Mott, I-Ju Lee, inivas Tapa, Zhen Wang, Lianguo Wang, William R. Woodward, G. Andre Ng, Beth A. Habecker, Crystal M. Ripplinger
96.
The Efficacy of Body Acupuncture Combined with Ear Acupressure versus Frequent Counseling as Adjuvant Therapy for Quitting Smoking – An Intervention Pilot Study
Asmaa Mahmoud Mohammed, Mona Samir Allam, Hend Rashad, Adel F. Hashish
Journal of Public Health and Primary Care
Asmaa Mahmoud Mohammed, Mona Samir Allam, Hend Rashad, Adel F. Hashish
Journal of Public Health and Primary Care
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| eISSN: | 1617-9625 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
