Recent manuscripts
Archive
Editorial Board
Aims and Scope
Open Access
Indexing
Contact us
Authorship & COI
Principles of Transparency Checklist
Publication Ethics
Crossmark
Data Policies
Supporting Diversity
Instructions to authors (PDF)
Manuscript Types
Manuscript Formatting
How to submit
Special Publications & Reprints
Preprints
RESEARCH PAPER
A cross-country comparison of the prevalence of exposure to tobacco advertisements among adolescents aged 13–15 years in 20 low and middle income countries
1
Africa Tobacco Control Regional Initiative, Lagos, Nigeria
2
Department of Oral Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
3
Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
Submission date: 2013-05-15
Acceptance date: 2013-05-21
Publication date: 2013-05-23
Corresponding author
Israel T. Agaku
Africa Tobacco Control Regional Initiative, Plot 397B, George Crescent, Agbalajobi Estate, Off Wempco Road, Lagos, Ogba-Ikeja, Nigeria
Africa Tobacco Control Regional Initiative, Plot 397B, George Crescent, Agbalajobi Estate, Off Wempco Road, Lagos, Ogba-Ikeja, Nigeria
Tobacco Induced Diseases 2013;11(May):11
KEYWORDS
advertisementstobacco promotionsusceptibilitysmokingadolescentscigaretteaddictionDeveloping Countries
ABSTRACT
Background:
This study assessed the prevalence and influence of exposure to pro-tobacco advertisements among adolescents in 20 low and middle income countries (LMICs).
Methods:
The 2007–2008 Global Youth Tobacco Survey was analyzed for students aged 13–15 years in 20 LMICs. Overall and sex-specific prevalence of exposure to tobacco advertisements in several media, as well as the prevalence of smoking susceptibility (i.e., the lack of a firm commitment among never smokers not to smoke in the future or if offered a cigarette by a friend) were assessed. The variability of the point estimates was assessed using 95% confidence intervals (CI). Logistic regression was used to assess the effect of exposure to multiple (i.e., ≥2) pro-tobacco advertisements on current smoking, adjusting for age and sex (P < 0.05). Data were weighted and analyzed with Stata version 11.
Results:
Overall country-specific prevalence for different advertisement sources ranged as follows: movies/videos (78.4% in Lesotho to 97.8% in Belize); television programs (48.7% in Togo to 91.7% in the Philippines); newspapers/magazines (29.5% in Togo to 89.7% in the Philippines); and outdoor community events (30.6% in Rwanda to 79.4% in the Philippines). The overall proportion of never smokers who were susceptible to cigarette smoking ranged from 3.7% in Sri Lanka to 70.1% in Kyrgyzstan. Exposure to ≥2 sources of pro-tobacco advertisements was associated with significantly increased odds of cigarette smoking among adolescents in several countries including South Africa (adjusted odds ratio, a OR = 4.11; 95% CI:2.26-7.47), Togo (a OR = 3.77; 95% CI:1.27-11.21), the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (a OR = 1.42; 95% CI:1.01-1.99), Republic of Moldova (a OR = 1.53; 95% CI:1.11-2.12), Belize (a OR = 13.95; 95% CI:1.91-102.02), Panama (a OR = 5.14; 95% CI: 2.37-11.14) and Mongolia (a OR = 1.52; 95% CI:1.19-1.94).
Conclusions:
Prevalence of exposure to various pro-tobacco advertisements was high among adolescents in the LMICs surveyed. Enhanced and sustained national efforts are needed to reduce exposure to all forms of tobacco advertising and promotional activities.
This study assessed the prevalence and influence of exposure to pro-tobacco advertisements among adolescents in 20 low and middle income countries (LMICs).
Methods:
The 2007–2008 Global Youth Tobacco Survey was analyzed for students aged 13–15 years in 20 LMICs. Overall and sex-specific prevalence of exposure to tobacco advertisements in several media, as well as the prevalence of smoking susceptibility (i.e., the lack of a firm commitment among never smokers not to smoke in the future or if offered a cigarette by a friend) were assessed. The variability of the point estimates was assessed using 95% confidence intervals (CI). Logistic regression was used to assess the effect of exposure to multiple (i.e., ≥2) pro-tobacco advertisements on current smoking, adjusting for age and sex (P < 0.05). Data were weighted and analyzed with Stata version 11.
Results:
Overall country-specific prevalence for different advertisement sources ranged as follows: movies/videos (78.4% in Lesotho to 97.8% in Belize); television programs (48.7% in Togo to 91.7% in the Philippines); newspapers/magazines (29.5% in Togo to 89.7% in the Philippines); and outdoor community events (30.6% in Rwanda to 79.4% in the Philippines). The overall proportion of never smokers who were susceptible to cigarette smoking ranged from 3.7% in Sri Lanka to 70.1% in Kyrgyzstan. Exposure to ≥2 sources of pro-tobacco advertisements was associated with significantly increased odds of cigarette smoking among adolescents in several countries including South Africa (adjusted odds ratio, a OR = 4.11; 95% CI:2.26-7.47), Togo (a OR = 3.77; 95% CI:1.27-11.21), the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia (a OR = 1.42; 95% CI:1.01-1.99), Republic of Moldova (a OR = 1.53; 95% CI:1.11-2.12), Belize (a OR = 13.95; 95% CI:1.91-102.02), Panama (a OR = 5.14; 95% CI: 2.37-11.14) and Mongolia (a OR = 1.52; 95% CI:1.19-1.94).
Conclusions:
Prevalence of exposure to various pro-tobacco advertisements was high among adolescents in the LMICs surveyed. Enhanced and sustained national efforts are needed to reduce exposure to all forms of tobacco advertising and promotional activities.
REFERENCES (26)
1.
World Health Organization: Confronting the epidemic: a global agenda for tobacco control research. 1999, Available at http://www.who.int/tobacco/res.... Accessed May 12, 2013.
2.
Euromonitor International: Retrieved from euromonitor passport GMID database. Tobacco: middle east and Africa regional overview. 2011, Accessed May 12, 2013.
3.
Euromonitor International: Retrieved from Euromonitor passport GMID database. Tobacco in Asia pacific: driver of the global market –will It remain the tobacco market powerhouse?. 2010, Accessed May 12, 2013.
4.
Euromonitor International: Retrieved from Euromonitor passport GMID database. Still a Smoker’s paradise: a snapshot of the lighting-up culture in the Middle East and Africa. 2012, Accessed May 12, 2013.
5.
Euromonitor International: Retrieved from Euromonitor passport GMID database. The future of tobacco. 2011, Accessed May 12, 2013.
6.
Euromonitor International: Retrieved from Euromonitor passport GMID database. Country reports. 2011, Accessed May 12, 2013.
7.
Agaku I, Akinyele A, Oluwafemi A: Tobacco control in Nigeria- policy recommendations. Tob Induc Dis. 2012, 10: 8-9625-10-8.
8.
Agaku T, Alpert HR, Vardavas CI, Adisa AO, Connolly GN: Use of smokeless tobacco and cigarettes among Nigerian youths: implications for tobacco control policies in Africa. Journal of Substance Use. 1-6. 0 0:0.
9.
U.S Department of Health and Human Services: Preventing tobacco Use among youth and young adults: a report of the surgeon general. 2012, Atlanta, GA: U.S Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health.
10.
Hafez N, Ling PM: How Philip Morris built Marlboro into a global brand for young adults: implications for international tobacco control. Tob Control. 2005, 14: 262-271. 10.1136/tc.2005.011189.
11.
Friedman LC: Tobacco industry use of corporate social responsibility tactics as a sword and a shield on secondhand smoke issues. J Law Med Ethics. 2009, 37: 819-827. 10.1111/j.1748-720X.2009.00453.x.
12.
FTC: Federal trade commission cigarette report for 2009 and 2010. 2013, Available at http://www.ftc.gov/os/2012/09/.... Accessed February 21, 2013.
13.
World Health Organization: WHO framework convention on tobacco control. 2012, Accessed September 23, 2012.
14.
Madkour AS, Ledford EC, Andersen L, Johnson CC: Tobacco advertising/promotions and adolescents' smoking risk in Northern Africa. Tob Control. 2013, Epub ahead of print.
15.
Warren CW, Jones NR, Eriksen MP, Asma S, Global Tobacco Surveillance System (GTSS) collaborative group: Patterns of global tobacco use in young people and implications for future chronic disease burden in adults. Lancet. 2006, 367: 749-753. 10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68192-0.
16.
The World Bank: Country and lending groups. 2013, Available at http://data.worldbank.org/abou.... Accessed May 12, 2013.
17.
World Health Organization: Parties to the WHO framework convention on tobacco control. 2013, Available at http://www.who.int/fctc/signat.... Accessed May 12, 2013.
18.
World Health Organization: Smoke-free movies: from evidence to action. 2009, Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, Available at http://www.who.int/tobacco/smo.... Accessed May 12, 2013.
19.
Sargent JD, Tanski SE, Gibson J: Exposure to movie smoking among US adolescents aged 10 to 14 years: a population estimate. Pediatrics. 2007, 119: e1167-e1176. 10.1542/peds.2006-2897.
20.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC): Smoking in top-grossing movies--United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2010, 60: 910-913.
21.
Euromonitor International: Global tobacco: will legislation kill the industry?. 2009, Retrieved from Euromonitor Passport GMID database. Accessed May 12, 2013.
22.
World Health Organization: WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2008-the MPOWER package. 2008, Available at http://www.who.int/tobacco/mpo... Accessed September 23, 2012.
23.
BBC News: Nigeria delays $44bn smoking case. 2008, Available at http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/afr.... Accessed May 12, 2013.
24.
Nsimba SE, Sussman S: Tobacco advertisements and promotion industry on smoking in Tanzania: a review of negative public health implications for current and future generations. Tob Induc Dis. 2006, 3: 41-10.1186/1617-9625-3-2-41.
25.
Singh PN, Yel D, Kheam T, Hurd G, Job JS: Cigarette smoking and tuberculosis in Cambodia: findings from a national sample. Tob Induc Dis. 2013, 11: 8-10.1186/1617-9625-11-8.
26.
Charoenca N, Kungskulniti N, Tipayamongkholgul M, Sujirarat D, Lohchindarat S, Mock J, Hamann SL: Determining the burden of secondhand smoke exposure on the respiratory health of Thai children. Tob Induc Dis. 2013, 11: 7-10.1186/1617-9625-11-7.
CITATIONS (16):
1.
Environmental Determinants of Smoking Behaviors: The Role of Policy and Environmental Interventions in Preventing Smoking Initiation and Supporting Cessation
William A. Calo, Sarah Krasny
Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports
William A. Calo, Sarah Krasny
Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports
2.
African media coverage of tobacco industry corporate social responsibility initiatives
Patricia A. McDaniel, Brie Cadman, Ruth E. Malone
Global Public Health
Patricia A. McDaniel, Brie Cadman, Ruth E. Malone
Global Public Health
3.
Dual tobacco smoking is the new trend among adolescents: Update from the Irbid-TRY
Mahmoud A. Alomari, Nihaya A. Al-sheyab
Journal of Substance Use
Mahmoud A. Alomari, Nihaya A. Al-sheyab
Journal of Substance Use
4.
Predictors and Patterns of Cigarette and Smokeless Tobacco Use Among Adolescents in 32 Countries, 2007–2011
Israel T. Agaku, Olalekan A. Ayo-Yusuf, Constantine I. Vardavas, Gregory Connolly
Journal of Adolescent Health
Israel T. Agaku, Olalekan A. Ayo-Yusuf, Constantine I. Vardavas, Gregory Connolly
Journal of Adolescent Health
5.
The relationship between proximity of tobacco retail outlets to schools and tobacco use among school personnel in sub-Saharan Africa
Israel T. Agaku, Akinyele O. Adisa, Uyoyo T. Omaduvie, Constantine I. Vardavas
Preventive Medicine
Israel T. Agaku, Akinyele O. Adisa, Uyoyo T. Omaduvie, Constantine I. Vardavas
Preventive Medicine
6.
Tobacco Use, Beliefs and Risk Awareness in University Students from 24 Low, Middle and Emerging Economy Countries
Karl Peltzer, Supa Pengpid
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
Karl Peltzer, Supa Pengpid
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
7.
Prevalence and determinants of tobacco use among Iraqi adolescents: Iraq GYTS 2012
Hamid Y Hussain, Bushra A Abdul Satar
Tobacco Induced Diseases
Hamid Y Hussain, Bushra A Abdul Satar
Tobacco Induced Diseases
8.
Reducing the Role of the Food, Tobacco, and Alcohol Industries in Noncommunicable Disease Risk in South Africa
Peter Delobelle, David Sanders, Thandi Puoane, Nicholas Freudenberg
Health Education & Behavior
Peter Delobelle, David Sanders, Thandi Puoane, Nicholas Freudenberg
Health Education & Behavior
9.
Knowledge impact of a US-based tobacco prevention curriculum among Tanzanian children
Paige St Germain, Frances L Lucas, Miriam J Williams Wilson, Bertha Tsingay A Maegga, Susan Miesfeldt
Health Education Journal
Paige St Germain, Frances L Lucas, Miriam J Williams Wilson, Bertha Tsingay A Maegga, Susan Miesfeldt
Health Education Journal
10.
“Decide Now, Buy Marlboro”: Examining the influence and appeal of Marlboro’s new brand architecture among Filipino adolescents
Lisa P. Lagasse, Marela Kay R. Minosa, Meghan B. Moran, Joanna E. Cohen
International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health
Lisa P. Lagasse, Marela Kay R. Minosa, Meghan B. Moran, Joanna E. Cohen
International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health
11.
Association of tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship (TAPS) exposure and cigarette use among Nigerian adolescents: implications for current practices, products and policies
Onyema G Chido-Amajuoyi, Dale S Mantey, Stephanie L Clendennen, Adriana Pérez
BMJ Global Health
Onyema G Chido-Amajuoyi, Dale S Mantey, Stephanie L Clendennen, Adriana Pérez
BMJ Global Health
12.
Prevalence and Determinants of Susceptibility to Tobacco Smoking Among Students in The Gambia
Isatou Jallow, John Britton, Tessa Langley
Nicotine & Tobacco Research
Isatou Jallow, John Britton, Tessa Langley
Nicotine & Tobacco Research
13.
Predictors of current tobacco smoking by adolescents
in Nigeria: Interaction between school location and
socioeconomic status
Ijeoma Itanyi, Chika Onwasigwe, Deborah Ossip, Benjamin Uzochukwu, Scott McIntosh, Emmanuel Aguwa, Sijiu Wang, Chima Onoka, Echezona Ezeanolue
Tobacco Induced Diseases
Ijeoma Itanyi, Chika Onwasigwe, Deborah Ossip, Benjamin Uzochukwu, Scott McIntosh, Emmanuel Aguwa, Sijiu Wang, Chima Onoka, Echezona Ezeanolue
Tobacco Induced Diseases
14.
Peer Conformity Affects Smoking Behavior among Male Adolescents in a High School in Padang, Indonesia
Mahathir Mahathir, Prilya Vitamaharanie, Hermalinda Hermalinda
Nurse Media Journal of Nursing
Mahathir Mahathir, Prilya Vitamaharanie, Hermalinda Hermalinda
Nurse Media Journal of Nursing
15.
Commercial determinants of youth smoking in ASEAN countries: A narrative review of research investigating the influence of tobacco advertising, promotion, and sponsorship
Thomas Stubbs
Tobacco Induced Diseases
Thomas Stubbs
Tobacco Induced Diseases
16.
Understanding the long-term policy influence strategies of the tobacco industry: two contemporary case studies
Thomas Hird, Allen Gallagher, Karen Evans-Reeves, Mateusz Zatoński, Sarah Dance, Pascal Diethelm, Richard Edwards, Anna Gilmore
Tobacco Control
Thomas Hird, Allen Gallagher, Karen Evans-Reeves, Mateusz Zatoński, Sarah Dance, Pascal Diethelm, Richard Edwards, Anna Gilmore
Tobacco Control
Share
RELATED ARTICLE
| eISSN: | 1617-9625 |
We process personal data collected when visiting the website. The function of obtaining information about users and their behavior is carried out by voluntarily entered information in forms and saving cookies in end devices. Data, including cookies, are used to provide services, improve the user experience and to analyze the traffic in accordance with the Privacy policy. Data are also collected and processed by Google Analytics tool (more).
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
You can change cookies settings in your browser. Restricted use of cookies in the browser configuration may affect some functionalities of the website.
